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E-GovernanceAlejandro Cardona000915746MIS 3000California State University of BakersfieldTable of ContentsAbstract……………………………………………………………………………3Introduction………………………………………………………………………..4ICT………………………………………………………………………………….4Re-Engineering………………………………………………………………….5Requirements of E-Governance……………………………………………….54 Models of E-Governance …………………………………………….…………6Conclusion………………………………………………………………..…………8Bibliography……………………………………………………………..…………10AbstractThis paper will consist of information about the technology application known as E-Gov. The paper will talk about the history of E-Gov. As well as the technology that E-Gov. uses in order to be functional. It will also include the benefits and concerns of E-Gov. to citizens, businesses, government, and employees. It will also consist of defining and explaining government to citizens (G2C), government to business (G2B), government to government (G2G), and government to employees (G2E). The paper will also include the stages of E-Gov. Finally the paper will give an overview of E-Gov. and as well as a conclusion of the technology application that is E-Gov.Keywords: E-Gov., Technology, Benefits and Concerns, G2B, G2C, G2G, G2EIntroductionE-Governance, which is known as E-Gov. is an application of information and communication technology (ICT). This information technology application helps the government deliver information and services to citizens, employees, businesses, and governments. These are the four basic models available with e-governance. Although there are four basic model groups, the main target groups for e-governance are the government, citizens, and businesses. The goal for E-gov. is to achieve a ‘smart’ governance. Smart governance refers to having a simple, moral, responsive and transparent type of governance (Frank, B. & Regina, C. 2012.). In order to achieve ‘smart’ governance, it must first have a transparent information and communication technology with different users. Information and Communication TechnologyE-Gov. would not be possible if it wasn’t for the information and communication technology (ICT). ICT has provided faster and finer communication, caliber services, efficient storage, effective work, processing of data and exchange and utilization of information to its users (Frank, B. & Regina, C. 2012.). ICT also helps in increasing revenue and producing more efficient controls. It is a faster, more accurate and simpler means of word-processing and is now being used as a tool for tabulating data which finally helps in decision- making. With increasing awareness of using computers and the internet, many users are benefited and they are motivated to modify their ways of doing things in order to take ahold of the advantages provided by ICT (Rkmitra,(2012). This has led to the re-engineering of business processes.
Re-engineering of E-Gov. The process of re-engineering helps in faster and better processing of information and thus a better decision making, greater reach and better utilization of resources (Frank, B. & Regina, C. 2012.). This helps in having overall good governance. In the case of citizens, it provides enhanced access to information and government agencies, efficient service delivery and transparency in dealings and also acts as an information tool to the government. With the increasing awareness among citizens about their rights, their expectation has totally changed. Today they expect government agencies to be transparent in their dealings, accountable for its activities and faster in its responses (Rkmitra,.2012). For this use of ICT helps in achieving good governance. The technologies used helps in achieving a wide range of objectives. There is equitable and faster development with a wider reach. With the help of tools of modern technology such as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) should be used to transform the relationship of the government with its employees, citizens, and businesses, and also between its own agencies. It has been recognized that e-Governance is the logical step with the use of ICT in systems of governance in order to ensure wider participation and deeper involvement of citizens, institutions, civil society groups and the private sector in the decision-making process of governance (Rkmitra,.2012).Requirements of E-GovernanceFor effective e-governance, the foremost requirement is that workplace has to be fully computerized (Rkmitra,.2012). The computer is the most Important requirement for e-governance. Computers should be connected so that online work is possible. There has to be some online workflow procedure. Government employees should be trained so that they can work on the software. The training is required so that they become user-friendly with the software. Services should be fully accessible. It also insists on removing the paper-based system and making everything computerized in order to increase the transparency of work and have a speedy flow of work.4 Models in E-Governance Government to government (G2G) is the electronic sharing of data and/or information systems between government agencies, departments or organizations. The goal of G2G is to support e-government initiatives by improving communication, data access and data sharing. This interaction with e-government is typically between one or two governments. ICT does more than just improving the quality of e-government, for example they also help increase information and services within and between different users (“E-Governance.”). Through ICT, G2G has two forms of interactions, which are horizontal and vertical. The Horizontal form of communication is when its between different government agencies as well as between different functional areas within an organization. It is vertical when it’s between national, provincial and local government agencies. There is also interactions between different levels within an organization. The primary objective of G2G is to increase efficiency, performance, and output (“E-Governance”).