Essay About Deforestationsustainable Forest And Original Forest

Forestry Resources
ForestryForestry ResourcesNatural distribution of forestsUse and functions DeforestationSustainable forest managementTechnological innovations in ForestryGeographical distribution of world’s forests (a map of world with the distribution)Boreal ForestsCold environments; sub-Arctic; conifers; supplies lumber and pulpwood Temperate ForestsCold environments; mid-latitudes; deciduous; original forest lost to agriculture and settlement(found in this area: Maple, oak , edge)Tropical ForestsWarm environments; low latitudes; evergreen broadleaf trees; rich biodiversity( hot spot for biodiversity)Primary & secondary ForestsPrimary forests:Primary forests are uncut, ‘old growth’, frontier, ecologically intact forests ( 0% of temperate; 60% of tropical)Secondary forests: Secondary forests have undergone ecological succession after cutting. Degraded areas can be restocked through afforestation (previous land wasn’t forest – was a desert or bare land and government decided to make it forest) and reforestation (it was a forest in the past and again it begins to become a forest) initiatives (plantations)Succession of plant species on abandoned fields in North Carolina[pic 1]Forest plantationsVia ‘reforestation’ and ‘afforestation’Industrial plantations:Intensive single species forests maintained for economic purposes (e.g., fiber, lumber, etc.)Non-industrial plantations:This type of plantation is aimed at conservation of water, soil and biodiversity.Ecosystem  ( Figure 17.5 in text)Biodiversity & habitatForest is rich reservoir of flora and faunaIt provides habitat and food sources It serves as nutrient and storage in biomassWatershed ProtectionStabilisation of landmassEnhancement of water infiltrationModeration of water flowRecycling of waterClimate RegulationAct as ‘carbon sink’, but also releases CO2 which influences the Greenhouse EffectForest is key in maintaining climate and balance of gasesA graph   ( tones of carbons per hectare)Economic FunctionsForest goods and services:Forest products (timber, logs, pulpwood, etc.)Non-timber forest products (latex, palm oil, medicinal plants, fruit, nuts, etc.)Fuel wood (energy)Grazing area (fodder)Tourism Forest Production1999 global log production ( map of the world with areas marked on it)Canada’s Forestry Industry RecreationIt provides a means of recreation and other activities (e.g., eco-toursim)Forests have aesthetic and religious valuesCauses of Deforestation  ( talked about these for like 30 mins)Agriculture and ranchingIndustrial loggingWeyerhaeuser & MacMillan BloedelRoad constructionUrbanizationMiningOil / natural gas extraction and pipelines  (  — Ogoniland in  Nigeria )FirewoodReservoir construction (dams)Mono-culture plantationsImpacts of Deforestation  (Talked about is for like 15 mins)Hydrologic cycleLoss of biological and genetic diversityClimate change (greenhouse effect)Economic growth  (Creative destruction)Subsistence livelihoodsCultural significanceHarvesting methodsClear-Cutting:Large machines are used to fell, trim and skid logs rapidlyEvery tree in harvest areas are cut regardless of size.It leaves forests in variety of patterns (patches)(Past logging activities picture)