Racism in Othello
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Choose one non-dramatic text offered on the module, (an extract from Samuel Taylor Coleridges Literary Remains,) and show how it might help us understand Othello.

The extract presents a sustained attack by Coleridge on Shakespeare for his lack of realism in the monstrous depiction of a marriage between a beautiful Venetian girl, and a veritable negro, in Othello. He sees Shakespeares transformation of a barbarous negro into a respected soldier and nobleman of stature as ignorant, since at the time, negroes were not known except as slaves. (Appendix) The extract seems to raise two questions – how central is the taboo of miscegeny to the play, and to what extent is Othellos reputation able to counter this prejudice?

It is certainly not hard to conclude that it is probably Shakespeares most controversial play. There is a clear theme of racism throughout, one which was firmly embedded in the Venetian society which rejects the marriage of Othello and Desdemona as erring, against all rules of nature, [1.3.102] Nothing separates Othello from, the wealthy curled darlings of our nation, [1.2.68] except skin-colour – he matches or even exceeds them in reputation. At the start of the play, he appears confident that,

OTHELLO: My parts, my title, and my perfect soul
Shall manifest me rightly.
Othello 1.2.31-2
when he is called in front of the court on charges of witchcraft, yet the malevolent Iago is able to call on Othellos deep-rooted insecurities about his race in order to play Othello and Desdemona against one another until their marriage fails. Essentially, Iago is a representative of the white race, a pre-Nazi figure who tries to inform the public of the impurity of Othello and Desdemonas marriage. He demonstrates how this miscegenation is threatening to the existing social order, and ultimately, Othellos lifetime of achievement is not sufficient to persuade

others from prejudice in a moment of crisis (such as Desdemonas elopement,) or sustain his self-esteem in the long-run. Othello is structured so that the main premise of the play, introducing the main themes, appears near the beginning. It is obvious that Iago has an agenda planned of malevolent proportions with Othello at its target. He is the catalyst of all the destructive happenings within the play starting from the very beginning when he and Roderigo approach the residence of Brabantio in 1.1. He uses crude, racist language to appeal to the senators traditional beliefs, including such phrases as,

IAGO: Even now, now, very now, an old black ram
Is tupping your white ewe!
Othello 1.1.87-88
Iago even goes so far as to propose that Brabantios grandchildren will be animals because of his daughters base marriage with an other.
IAGO: youll have
your daughter covered with a Barbary horse,
youll have your nephews neigh to you, youll have
coursers for cousins, and jennets for germans.
Othello 1.1.109-112
Later we are told that Iagos motive is jealousy and he uses the rhetoric of racism to undermine Othello, playing on Brabantios prejudices to provoke him, even though, as Othello relates later, Her father loved me, oft invited me. [1.3.129] A shock and a few crude comments from Iago is all it takes to make a respected figure turn against a close friend of equal stature simply because of skin colour.

Technically, Brabantio was not legally allowed to nullify his daughters marriage to the Moor as she was over the age of consent. Culturally, however, he had all the support necessary to challenge the marriage given common racist assumptions of the time, and accuses Othello of sorcery and witchcraft. This means firstly that he is unable to imagine his daughter wilfully deceiving him, an understandable reaction given her past dutiful behaviour, so tender, fair and happy [1.2.66] and the nature of the patriarchal society in which she lived. Secondly, like Coleridge, he cannot believe she would ever fall in love with what she feared to look on, [1.3.99] without the aid of spells, and thirdly, he suggests that Othellos race makes him capable of these powers of black magic – we have to ask ourselves; if Desdemona had eloped with Roderigo, would he be accused of witchcraft? If Brabantio had not reverted to his prejudices and stayed calm, he might have thought of questioning the legality of the marriage based on the Canon Laws requirement of consummation, but he fails to do so, choosing instead to attempt to nullify it by claiming that his daughter was the victim of spells and witchcraft. In other words, Brabantio, a respected member of Venetian society, could have contested the marriage contract logically and legally, but instead he falls back on using prejudiced assumptions as weapons, encouraged by Iago. These events, so early on in the play, establish the idea of white purity and goodness, suggesting that other races represent darkness and evil. The clear cut binary opposition between the blackness of Othello and the fair whiteness of Desdemona is established and united in matrimony, a concept that Shakespeare seems to be experimenting with to suggest the chaos that would ensue in a cultural context. Although Othello is not made out to be the cleverest and most cunning character of the play, he is one Shakespeares bravest characters, and he does exemplify a certain wit uncommon to the European notion of a Moor. He is an eloquent, romantic man who has won the heart of a senators daughter, despite his confession that rude am I in my speech, [1.3.82] and the Duke admits that this tale would win my daughter too. [1.3.172] Othello is a hero who has led a long life full of good deeds, which was necessary for a Moor to have his existence tolerated in a predominately white culture. He has fought as a Venetian soldier and won the trust of his people. But has he really won their trust? We witnessed how quick Brabantio was to forget his honourable nature. Othello had won the love of Desdemona with his stories of battle and he had also promised an injured Brabantio that he would be a loyal son-in-law by that same token. He should be able to transcend certain preconceived

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Malevolent Iago And Residence Of Brabantio. (June 1, 2021). Retrieved from https://www.freeessays.education/malevolent-iago-and-residence-of-brabantio-essay/