Calloboration
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Tripartite Pact
In the European theatre several countries signed or adhered to the Tripartite Pact particularly in Eastern Europe and Balkan.
Slovakia entered into a treaty of protection with Germany on March 23, 1939.
Albania joined Italy in “personal union” on April 7, 1939.
Hungary signed the Tripartite Pact on November 20, 1940
Bulgaria signed the Tripartite Pact on November 1, 1940.
Romania signed the Tripartite Pact on November 23, 1940.
The tripartite signatories can best be described as a whole as the “Axis Powers” which in a sense was a collaborationist effort or alliance much like the Allies. Collaboration within the Axis alliance is detailed in Axis Powers, this article will deal mostly with significant collaboration by governments or civilians in occupied territories.
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Material support
Material support was the direct government sanctioned involvement in the war effort in support of the Axis powers politically, economically and materially.
The most significant support of Germany came from the European tripartite signatories of the Balkans. Albania declared war on the Allies along with the Kingdom of Italy in 1940 and later that year Slovakia declared war on Great Britain and the United States. Bulgarian, Slovakian, Albanian and Hungarian national units and armies fought with the German forces against the Soviet Union on the eastern front throughout the war.
However, significant support was also given by many countries initially at war with Germany but which subsequently elected to adopt a policy of co-operation.
The Vichy government in France is one of the best known and most significant examples of collaboration between former enemies of Germany and Germany itself. When the French Vichy government emerged at the same time of the Free French in London there was much confusion regarding the loyalty of French overseas colonies and more importantly their overseas armies and naval fleet. The reluctance of Vichy France to either disarm or surrender their naval fleet resulted in the British destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir on 3 July 1940. Later in the war French colonies were frequently used as staging areas for invasions or airbases for the Axis powers both in Indo