Titanium
Essay title: Titanium
Name: Titanium
Symbol: Ti
Atomic Number: 22
Atomic Mass: 47.867 AMU
Titanium was discovered in 1791 in the mineral named Menachanite. By the British clergyman William Gregor. He named the element menachite. Four years later, the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth rediscovered the element in the mineral Rutile and named it titanium for the strength of the mythological Greek Titans. The metal was isolated in 1910.
It is the 9th most abundant among the elements in the crust of the earth but is never found in the pure state. It occurs as an oxide in the minerals ilmenite, rutile and sphene. To obtain titanium oxide, the mineral is ground and mixed with potassium carbonate and aqueous hydrofluoric acid to yield potassium fluorotitanate. The fluorotitanate is extracted with hot water and decomposed with ammonia. The resulting ammoniacal hydrated oxide, when ignited in a platinum vessel, yields titanium dioxide, TiO2. Titanium is obtained in the pure form by first treating the oxide with chlorine to form titanium tetrachloride, a volatile liquid, and then reducing the liquid with magnesium in a closed iron chamber