Essay About Management Plan And Deep Litter

Management Plan for Poultry Farming
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MANAGEMENT PLANFORPOULTRY FARMING TABLE OF CONTENTSPROJECT OBJECTIVESINTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDCONSULTATIONDESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES4.2 HOUSING4.3 FLOORS4.4 DEEP LITTER HOUSESMARKETINGGENERAL INFORMATION ON POULTRY FARMINGPRODUCTION PROCESSFEEDING REQUIREMENTSFEEDING METHODSCLEANING, SMALL SCALE POULTRY PRODUCTIONEFFECTS OF CLIMATESERVICESFUNDINGCONTACT PERSONPROJECT OBJECTIVESTo venture into Commercial Poultry Production To diversify the economyTo empower the citizens especially women in BotswanaTo promote village development by creating job opportunities  2. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND I Mr Tshepho Nakedi,was allocated a field  in measuring 302m x 548m x 465m x 395m, refer to attached Certificate of Customary Land Grant.The said plot has been given to me so that i can undertake the envisaged commercial poultry production. By this management plan, is asking the land board to change ownership, in accordance with the documentation provided with this management plan, and also to change land use from ploughing to poultry. The management plan has been developed in support of an application for the above stated purposes to undertake the envisaged business by 3. CONSULTATIONSI have mainly consulted family members about this venture, and they gave me their unwavering support. It has been difficult to contact owners of neighbouring fields, but consultation is an ongoing process. Physical Planning did not have a problem with change of land use, and I believe there will be no objections from any quarters.4. DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES -BROILERS: Broilers are meat- type chicken that has been specifically bred for marketing at an early age. They are usually sold when they weigh about 1.9 Kg. for broilers production, it is usual to accommodate the birds in large deep – litter houses. The more broilers that are housed together the more economic the operation becomes. The minimum size of an economic unit is probably 1000 chicks. They require a minimum of 9 square metres floor space per 100 birds, and the broiler house should be sited where maximum advantage can be taken of prevailing winds for ventilation purposes unless environmentally controlled accommodation is to be used. It should be possible to have a throughout of four to seven batches of broiler chicks per year in any one house, depending upon the efficiency of the operation. The litter, which should be approximately 8 cm deep, should be cleaned out between batches and the building and the equipment sterilized.

Heat stress should be reduced, by ensuring maximum ventilation. Allow the chicks to feed when ambient temperatures are lowest i.e. at 3.00 to 5.00 hours and in the evenings after dusk. In order to achieve this, the broiler house must be artificially illuminated from 03.00 hours and for 2 hours after sunset, and darkened during the hours when daily ambient temperatures are highest i.e. between 12.00 and 16.00 hours. 4. 2 HOUSING Take advantage of any prevailing breezes. All building if possible, should face in the same direction. There should be a distance of at least 12m between individual buildings in order to reduce the possibilities of disease and parasite transference from house to house. If possible the brooder house should completely separate from other buildings. The feed room should be centrally sited and the egg- storage room located adjacent to egg laying units. 4.3 FLOORSThe most suitable material is concrete walls. Houses approximately 10m wide and with 1,2m internal passages have been found to be practical and useful. They can be any length as required.4.4 DEEP LITTER HOUSES  The main considerations are that the houses should be cheap to construct, that birds are not overcrowded in the house and that the litter is not allowed to become damp. The maximum depth of the litter should be no more than 30cm. The normal requirements of mature birds are litter with a depth of 10-13cm, accumulating to 20-30 cm. For chicks the initial depth of the litter should be no more than 5-8 cm, but it can gradually be built up as the chicks grow. Many materials can be used as a litter including peat moss, wood shaving, rice husks , chopped maize, dried leaves etc . It is proper management to clean out the litter and to renew it when new batch of birds are brought into the house. The litter makes manure that is an excellent fertilizer and this improves the economics of deep litter poultry production. 5. MARKETINGMARKETING OF POULTRY The storage and transport problems associated with marketing of poultry meat are the same as those associated with other types of meat. Broilers are marketed as frozen carcasses; some are marketed while still alive. Slaughtering of broilers will be done at the farm and then transported into town where a freezer room is rented since there is no electricity as yet. Our target market will mainly be Francistown., the Marang Hotel and Thapama hotel, as per attached letters of intent. 6. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE POULTRY FARMINGSLAUGHTERING AND CARCASS DRESSING Restrain of the animal for slaughter with minimum of stress to the animal. Killing the bird. Draining away the blood. Preparation (dressing) meat inspection of the dressed birds and those components removed from it are all done in the designated places.BROODING  Incubated chicks must be artificially brooded. At this stage in their life chicks are very vulnerable and losses during brooding are often excessive. If the brooding methods are satisfactory mortality in chicks should not exceed 5 per cent during the first 8 weeks of life.