Arguments Against To Globalization
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ARGUMENTS AGAДoNST TO GLOBALДoZATДoON
Anti Globalist movements and protests are increasing rapidly. Opponents of globalization are raising the issues such as labor’s right, mistreatments to labors in poor areas, child worker problem and flow of big amounts capital which can have detrimental effects on currencies. Furthermore, there is a huge anxiety in terms of imbalanced utilize of energy by the most developed countries, more specifically the United States. Another issue is recognizable inequality in wealth among the North and the South, with its results of political imbalance, debt, paucity and war. Several numbers of international companies have revenues which are extremely higher than the gross national product of African and Asian countries.(Oxford University Press, 2007)
During 1978-1998 international inequality has increased by globalization. Globalization has several negative effects on undeveloped countries. For instance, per capita gross domestic product has not rose in Africa, significant number of undeveloped countries have been affected by financial problems and confronting enormous levels of debt. (Quoted from Milanovic)
There have been big intervals among qualified and unqualified worker both in terms of salaries and amount of unemployment. Increasing of disparity can be verbalized by consequences of globalization. (Quoted from Wood)
In order to demonstrate the affects of globalization on employment and salaries Feenstra introduces the utilization of outsource into the examination. According to analysis, employment and salaries will be affected related to `skill-biased technological innovation`. In other words, requirement of qualified worker in undeveloped countries will increase and the wage and demand of unqualified workers will decline. (Baddelley. M, 2006)
For instance, globalization has created difficulties for women in Дondia. Working conditions of Дondian women are paralel to the women who work in other developing areas such as Africa and Asia. While international corporates gaining huge profits women are in developing areas having difficulties by the expansion of international corporates. Analysis of World Development Indicators demonstrate that women labors work quarter of the world’s office hours, to generate half of the the earth’s food, but receive ten percent of the earth’s earnings and possess lower than one percent of the earth’s property. Vandana Shivea clamied that organizations who support globalization such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund have produced wages which equal to slave income. Global trade pattern have created the new oppurtunities in terms of employments in developing countries such as Дondia where there was not any chance to have a job. However, accecible jobs for women are not lucrative and working conditions are harmful in terms of mental and physical health. (Global Дondia Tripod, 2006)
Globalization will increase the intensity of `distributional conflict`. Capital can be transferred easily across countries by assistance of financial liberalization. Experimental findings demonstrate that capital account liberalization had a negative impact on banks and countries in terms of endurance power to financial crisis and exterior shocks. ((Baddelley. M, 2006)
In this case Haiti can be used as an important example. In 1990 Haiti was almost adequate in terms of food source, particularly rice. However, by the force of World Bank and IMF, country had to decrease the import tariff from 50 per cent to 30 per cent. Production of domestic rice started to decline dramatically because of cheap imports, significant amount of rice that sold was imported from United States. Nowadays, majority of children are undernourished in Haiti and 80% of population lives under the poverty line. (Thomas, N. 2007)
Furthermore, Moldova is a good example to indicate debt problem of developing countries. In the transition period of Soviet-era communism, GDP had declined 70%. Expectation of new system was economic growth however, 75 years of Moldova’s budget was used to pay for foreign debts. (Kingsbury, A. 2006)
For some countries, consequences of opening themselves to trade and market were a big disappointment. An important number of countries were ended in failure with big financial crisis. For instance, in 1990 Latin America as a whole region implemented the globalization with big hopes and experienced economic instability and lower growth. In this case, Argentina can be a representative example in order to demonstrate the situation of undeveloped countries. The country’s strategy may not be realistic however; it was a mixture of The World Bank and the IMF theories. Moreover, majority of socialist economies finished the decade at worst levels of per-capita income than the point that they began. In comparison, Poland performed an