DiabetesJoin now to read essay DiabetesdiabetesDisease that can be caused by reduced production of the hormone insulin, or a reduced response of the liver, muscle, and fat cells to insulin. This affects the bodys ability to use and regulate sugars effectively. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that prevents the production of insulin. Treatment is by strict dietary control and oral or injected insulin, depending on the type of diabetes.
Insulin increases glucose uptake from the blood into most body cells, except the brain and liver. In the liver, its effect is to reduce the production of glucose. Insulin works with other hormones to keep the concentration of glucose in the blood stable. A person with diabetes does not have this close regulation and may find that his or her glucose levels rise dangerously after a meal. Normally urine does not contain glucose, but when the blood glucose levels rise in a diabetic person, it appears in the urine. A person with diabetes may also be likely to have glucose levels that are too low at times.
There are two forms of diabetes: type 1, or insulin-dependent diabetes, which usually begins in childhood (early onset) and is an autoimmune condition; and type 2, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, which occurs in later life (late onset). Without treatment, the patient may go blind, suffer from ulcers, lapse into diabetic coma, and die. Early-onset diabetes tends to be more severe than that developing in later years. There is also a strong link between late-onset diabetes and being seriously overweight (obese) – over 80% of sufferers are obese. Although the precise nature of the link between diabetes and obesity is not known, studies showed that in mice a hormone secreted by fat cells blocked the action of insulin.
Pregnancy-related complications to the prevention of childhood-onset diabetes
Although it isn’t uncommon for children and young adults to become “unhealthful” over the course of a lifetime, children and their mothers are responsible for a significant proportion of preterm births, and among infants it is estimated that 2 out of 3 children under the age of 5 go on to grow up with the condition.
The first major birth defects of children can result in “early onset diabetes” following birth. Infants can develop certain insulin resistance, including insulin resistance that occurs in parts of the pancreas, the testes, and possibly even the brain. Infants usually develop diabetes for at least 15 years after they reach 7 months of age. Over a lifetime, one in 50 (16%) of the children on insulin-resistant diets are treated for early-onset diabetes.
This may include the first, and very common, birth defects associated with diabetes. Infants and children affected by a common type of diabetes include: the metabolic syndrome, a common genetic disorder that results in severe metabolic disruption, and hypoglycemia (hyperglycemia) a metabolic syndrome in which the body releases excess glucose into blood. Other common types of diabetes involve inflammation and malabsorption of nutrients, especially in the abdomen, pancreas, and brain. These complications are a major cause of the number of premature deaths worldwide. The number of early-onset diabetic deaths in children peaked in 1982, and the mortality rate for preterm births rose from 25% to 30% between 1980-1988, and increased to 70% between 1990-2005. In addition, obesity is present both during pregnancy and in the early life in up to 42% of the children born to low-fat and low-carbohydrate mothers. These children have an increased risk for Type 2 diabetes and also are at particular risk for Type 1 diabetes during pregnancy.
Pregnancy-related complications and signs to monitor
Certain food and/or drink components contain significant amounts of the hormone insulin. Many people can notice a decrease in their appetite after consuming foods or beverages enriched in high-saturated fats (fats) (for example, high-fructose corn syrup) but can be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes if they are under the influence of low levels of insulin (which can result in poor pancreatic function). Most children are also at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Infants also have a higher rate of metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, and other metabolic abnormalities such as high triglycerides, poor blood glucose, and impaired energy production (or obesity) despite being under the influence of low levels of insulin. Adoptions for children with diabetes have been shown to be particularly beneficial. A recent randomized study in the Netherlands found that the
Before the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, severe diabetics did not survive.Sugar accumulates first in the blood, then in the urine. The patient experiences thirst, weight loss, and increased frequency of urination and volume of urine, along with degenerative changes in the capillary system. Without treatment, the patient may go blind, ulcerate, lapse into diabetic coma, and die. Early-onset diabetes tends to be more severe than that developing in later years. Before the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, severe diabetics did not survive. Today, it is seldom fatal. Careful management of diabetes, including control of high blood pressure, can delay some of the serious complications associated with the condition, which include blindness, disease of the peripheral blood vessels, and kidney failure. A continuous infusion of insulin can be provided via a catheter implanted under the skin, which is linked to an electric pump. This more accurately mimics the bodys natural secretion of insulin than injections or oral doses, and can provide better control of diabetes. It can, however, be very dangerous if the pump malfunctions.