Vocabulary
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Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was a Democratic-Republican who was voted into office in 1828. The people wanted representation and reform from the administration of John Quincy Adams. Jackson believed that the people should rule. He was the first president from the west, and he represented many of the characteristics of the west. Jackson appealed to the common man as he was said to be one. He believed in the strength of the Union and the supremacy of the federal government over the state government.
William Crawford Originally from Georgia, Crawford ran in the 1824 election representing the south. He was forced to drop out of the race due to a stroke.
Peggy Eaton 1) Married Sec. of War Eaton. She was snubbed by ladies of the White House. Jackson tried to help her be excepted, but failed. 2)1831 3) The lady in charge of the White House affairs was Henry Clays wife. It helped in the dissolution of Jackson and Clay.
John Quincy Adams He was the sixth president of the United States. He was a republican from Mass. who was the first minority president. He served only four years, from 1824-1828. He could never gain the support of the Americans because he was a minority president. He was in favor of funding national research and he appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State. During his presidency the National Republicans were formed in support of him. He was essentially chosen by the House of Representatives.
Daniel Webster Daniel Webster was a nationalist from New Hampshire. He was involved in the Webster-Haynes debate over states rights. He served as Secretary of State under the Tyler administration. In 1836 he ran for the Presidency as a member of the Whig party, losing to Martin Van Buren. He was also Americas greatest orator.
Denmark Vesey Denmark Vesey was a free black slave who lived in the Carolinas. Vesey led a slave rebellion in Charleston in 1822. This slave rebellion was part of what led to the anxieties of the South especially in South Carolina. the Missouri Compromise and the slave rebellion both caused the South to worry about Federal government interference in slavery issues.
Robert Hayne Senator from South Carolina, a major player in the sectional debate during 1829 and 1830. A great orator, he denounced New England. He pointed out New Englands treasonous activities during the War of 1812. He also spoke out against the “Tariff of Abominations,” which hurt the South. He supported Calhouns idea of nullification. While he did not want secession, he did add fuel to the sectional flames, and this led to secession.
Common Man a political leader who worked his way up to the top from the bottom. Andrew Jackson was the model common man. He had been orphaned, so he fought in the Revolutionary War at age thirteen. In the War of 1812, he became a hero and launched his political career soon after. He was like the rest of the country, and thats why they liked him so much. The common man began to take over during the Jacksonian Democracy.
New Democracy (1824 – 1850) The New Democracy got more people involved in the government. There were also fewer voter restrictions and voter turn-out increased.
Nullification What: states that any law passed by the federal government can be declared null and void by the states When: 1828; the South was extremely upset about the extremely high Tariff of Abominations. ” The South Carolina Exposition” written by John C. Calhoun denounced the tariff as unjust and unconstitutional. The document bluntly proposed that the states should nullify the Tariff. Why: The theory of this nullification was further publicized. The even more dangerous doctrine of secession was foreshadowed.
Spoils system a system that Andrew Jackson set up not long after his election into the presidency in 1828; it had already developed a strong hold in the industrial states such as New York and Pennsylvania; it gave the public offices to the political supporters of the campaign; the name came from Senator Marcys remark in 1832, “to the victor belongs the spoils of the enemy; made politics a full time business.
Rotation in Office supported by the New Democracy; like the spoils system but used by Jackson, same as patronage-based on favors for those who helped another get into office; Jackson felt it made the government more democratic by having more participation, etc.
King Caucus In 1824, voters were crying that the people must be heard and down with King Caucus. This new and more democratic method of nominating presidential candidates was the have a national nominating convention. A caucus are the leaders of a small political organization.
Democratic-Republicans Once shortened to “Republicans”, when Andrew Jackson came into power he renamed the party “Democrats”. The Jacksonian Democrats were very democratic and were opposed to the Whigs. Jackson was a real common man and believed in the common man. Opposed to very strong national bank. When he was president the Whigs called him “King Jackson”. This party is the present day Democratic party.
Anti-Masonic Party The Anti-Masonic Party was basically against elite groups such as the Masons (a private organization). They were also opposed to Jackson, who was a Mason. The Anti-Masonic party did not hold much bearing while they existed.
Revolution of 1828 What: Election of 1828 – running candidates for president were John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson. When: 1828 Why: The election of 1828 is often called the “Revolution of 1828.” There was an increased turnout of voters at this election.