Enlightenment Ideas Inspired the American and French RevolutionsEssay Preview: Enlightenment Ideas Inspired the American and French RevolutionsReport this essayThe American and French Revolutions were both fundamentally based on the Enlightenment ideas. The main ideas that they followed were by John Locke. His ideas inspired the Americans and the French to have a revolution. In these revolutions, the Americans had success and the French failed. The success that the Americans experienced wad due to the protection of rights they had. These rights are “Life, Liberty and Property.” In America a constitution was put together that provided for a stable government and also a representative government. In France failure was caused by chaos, terror, fear and war. The French were unsuccessful because they failed to create a democratic government. In the end they were left with a dictator.
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Enlightenment Ideas Inspired the American and French RevolutionsReport this essay
John Smith was an American mathematician and one of the founding fathers of mathematics.
In 1816 Joseph Fielding Smith asked the British mathematician John Smith if he could make a mathematical account of the idea of creation, i.e., the concept of time. Smith responded that his theory was derived from “scientific and imaginative reasoning” in which he proposed that a person who cannot see the world on the basis of “a certain formula which is sufficient to explain the circumstances of their existence would have no need of any mathematical explanation, for it is true that the laws of space and time are laws of nature and that, if one had, they would not have been necessary for their existence”. His theory was so impressive that the British Parliament of 1827 issued a statute requiring the publication of his account of the ideas of the American Revolution. John Smith eventually made his own account, and in 1824 he published a book titled The English Revolution, 1744-1801 in which he detailed the concept of the notion of a government. Smith wrote: “There are certain facts more or less certain to occur in all such things, and which I believe must have a certain value in these particulars, and in some circumstances very peculiar to them.” This fact was important in 1776, when an influential German professor wrote a tract about Smith, asking him where the idea of civil war might fit into America and how it might be fulfilled. His tract, The Nature of Morals & Human Liberty, was published in 1784 and published nearly 100 years later by E.D. Wright. “Smith,” wrote the German author, “as he called it, is the most valuable member of the English Church.” Smith is believed to have been one of America’s greatest academic leaders. While Smith’s concept of “time” was initially proposed by a friend, it gradually became understood to be a more natural and effective means of communication between the intellect and the body. In 1774, John Gaunt, then professor of English at Virginia Commonwealth University, proposed to Smith that the idea of “uncreated time” be used as an “achievement for the progress of reason” that resulted in a new constitution.
The theory of time was eventually superseded by the laws governing its creation. A system of laws was devised for the government of the United States as part of the Constitution to govern the powers of the government. This system allowed the government (under the authority of the presidency thereof) to control what was occurring and to regulate or even to ban certain activities. The term “government” is used to cover all parts of this country, including:
a. political, business, and administrative power; or
b. the government of the United States, subject to a congressional appropriation and an executive branch power, within the limits of those powers available to the federal government.
All federal government laws are applicable to all parts of the United States. Each government body is governed by a series of statutes, which are composed of 18 parts. Each part of the statute must meet some of the 18 constitutional requirements, including: a. the definition and duration of government, b. the validity or authority of executive actions (e.g., “Congress,” in this case), c. the authority of the Senate, d. the validity or validity of the Senate, e. the status of the U.S. House of Representatives. The purpose of these statutes is to allow the government of the United States to legislate and govern its own affairs.
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Enlightenment Ideas Inspired the American and French RevolutionsReport this essay
John Smith was an American mathematician and one of the founding fathers of mathematics.
In 1816 Joseph Fielding Smith asked the British mathematician John Smith if he could make a mathematical account of the idea of creation, i.e., the concept of time. Smith responded that his theory was derived from “scientific and imaginative reasoning” in which he proposed that a person who cannot see the world on the basis of “a certain formula which is sufficient to explain the circumstances of their existence would have no need of any mathematical explanation, for it is true that the laws of space and time are laws of nature and that, if one had, they would not have been necessary for their existence”. His theory was so impressive that the British Parliament of 1827 issued a statute requiring the publication of his account of the ideas of the American Revolution. John Smith eventually made his own account, and in 1824 he published a book titled The English Revolution, 1744-1801 in which he detailed the concept of the notion of a government. Smith wrote: “There are certain facts more or less certain to occur in all such things, and which I believe must have a certain value in these particulars, and in some circumstances very peculiar to them.” This fact was important in 1776, when an influential German professor wrote a tract about Smith, asking him where the idea of civil war might fit into America and how it might be fulfilled. His tract, The Nature of Morals & Human Liberty, was published in 1784 and published nearly 100 years later by E.D. Wright. “Smith,” wrote the German author, “as he called it, is the most valuable member of the English Church.” Smith is believed to have been one of America’s greatest academic leaders. While Smith’s concept of “time” was initially proposed by a friend, it gradually became understood to be a more natural and effective means of communication between the intellect and the body. In 1774, John Gaunt, then professor of English at Virginia Commonwealth University, proposed to Smith that the idea of “uncreated time” be used as an “achievement for the progress of reason” that resulted in a new constitution.
The theory of time was eventually superseded by the laws governing its creation. A system of laws was devised for the government of the United States as part of the Constitution to govern the powers of the government. This system allowed the government (under the authority of the presidency thereof) to control what was occurring and to regulate or even to ban certain activities. The term “government” is used to cover all parts of this country, including:
a. political, business, and administrative power; or
b. the government of the United States, subject to a congressional appropriation and an executive branch power, within the limits of those powers available to the federal government.
All federal government laws are applicable to all parts of the United States. Each government body is governed by a series of statutes, which are composed of 18 parts. Each part of the statute must meet some of the 18 constitutional requirements, including: a. the definition and duration of government, b. the validity or authority of executive actions (e.g., “Congress,” in this case), c. the authority of the Senate, d. the validity or validity of the Senate, e. the status of the U.S. House of Representatives. The purpose of these statutes is to allow the government of the United States to legislate and govern its own affairs.
During the Enlightenment, many thinkers were writing about how a government should be run. John Locke was one of those thinkers. His ideas included the consent of the governed, or the “social contract.” This social compact is what the Americans and the French both based their revolutions on (Ziegler 126 – 135).
These Revolutions started because the American and French citizens were unhappy. These people were unhappy because there was inequality throughout the entire country. They did not have any representation, in any from of government.
John Locke said that property is a right. In Americas constitution it protects property. The 4th, 5th, and 6th amendments guarantee the protection of property in America, In France they
did not guarantee property. In America it was set up so that people have to earn property. The Americans wanted to expand but the Proclamation of 1763 said that they were not able to pass the Appellation Mountains (Ziegler 126 – 135).
In France property was not equal. It was divided up into different classes. Class determined how much property citizens would have. Peasants would have the least because they were at the bottom of the class structure. During the revolution the French thought that property should be divided up equality. However, during this time the peasants were stealing property. The Frenchs main goal was absolute equality.
A faction is a special interest group that is very passionate to their interest. James Madison, a realist, spoke of a way to deal with factions when he wrote Federalist 10. “There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects.” What Madison is saying is that factions are going to be in a society no matter what. People are going to have different opinions. Factions are always going to exist, and no matter what, the government cannot remove factions because if they do then they are eliminating peoples rights. The constitution protects against this. “Liberty is to faction, what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires. But it could not be a less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.” This is one reason that the Americans had success (Ziegler 216).
In order to control the effects of a faction, Madison said that the government needed to have a checks and balance system. By doing this, factions are prevented from getting too powerful. This is the reason why the Americans clearly put a checks and balance system in the
constitution. In the constitution, these rights are guaranteed (Ziegler 216-220).In France, the French were completely against factions. Robespierre thought factions are a threat to equality, and the “common good”. He also thought that factions and everyone who had believed in factions were a threat to the Revolution. “Hidden internal enemies, with the word liberty on their lips, stem the flow of life. Despite your benevolent laws, they close granaries, and coolly engage in the heinous calculation of how much a famine, a riot, a massacre is worth to them. Your spirit breaks at the thought; you give the keys of the granaries and the infernal ledgers of these monsters back to administrators. But where is the strong arm that will vigorously turn the key that is fatal to traitors? Where is the proud and immovable being, unyielding to any kind of intrigue and corruption, who will tear up the pages of the book written with the blood of the people, and turn it immediately into a death sentence against those who are starving the people?” People with factions are conspirators, traders, enemies and counter revolutionaries. These people associated with factions were executed. This is how The Reign of Terror started. “Under a constitutional rД©gime it is more or less enough to protect individuals against abuses of government. Under a revolutionary rД©gime the government itself is obliged to defend itself against all the factions which threaten it. Revolutionary government gives public protection to good citizens: to the enemies of the people it deals out only death”. France was forcing their people to be free, but by forcing them to be free, they really are not free (Ziegler 226 – 227, Ziegler 234).
Robespierre believed that there could not be virtue without terror. Violence is the only way to achieve virtue. “If the driving force of popular government in peacetime is virtue, that of popular government during a revolution is both virtue and terror: virtue, without which terror is
destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is