Housewives or WorkThe days when women stayed at home are gone. For the past 15 years women have had a bigger role in society. In the early 20th century, women were at home with the responsibility of managing the house hold and raising the children. Women were not allowed to work and earn an income, leaving the responsibility to men. When women chose to work in the 20th century they worked 15 though 18 hours a day at very low wages (Amitage, et. al., 2009, p. 312). Times have changed, and so have the gender roles of both men and women. Over the years, the question arose ” Should women get an education and work, or should they stay home and become housewives? The stress of housework, financial pressure, and the change in society braking away from social traditions, are all good reasons for women to obtain an education and be part of the workforce in America.
“I think women on the farm or the farm-to-table are not as responsible as they once were”.—Mark Steidner, National Post, September 17, 2007.
On this topic, a growing number of studies and policy makers see this as a “new paradigm”. That is to say, women are not only doing the same things as men, they are doing them on the farm rather than for our country, as they once were. On this “new paradigm”, women in farming were also paid more (in some areas over the past decades this has resulted in greater pay differences between male and female workers) and were often treated differently (e.g. women were paid more for being farm workers than for agricultural workers). In a study by a professor of economics at MIT, John D. Sarnoff observed:
An important study, done in 1990 when it was being touted as the future of the “one big market” was conducted using a combination of household survey, large surveys and a series of small surveys… Sarnoff and his co-authors… noted that this study showed that the women were generally making more money over the past 12 or more years than the men, and that the difference between male and female workers was about 10%-40%. It turned out that while the gap in wages between men and women was much larger in the 1990–2009 (and even though the women were paid more), the differences were even larger in the 1990–2009 and even wider in 2009. (Holder & Cawthorne, 2009).
The results of a 2007 and 2010 survey of women and farm workers of all ages by the National Household Survey show no correlation between the three data sets. However, for farm workers the results were particularly interesting: for farm workers, female wage income was at most about $12.50 less than $24.50 for men, while for farm workers it was between $9.00-$16.00 or $14-$14.60. The “natural women” earnings differences may also be explained by the difference in “female” wages between men and women.
> “[N]o question is true about the size of the differences between women and men. Women are actually in higher demand, less likely to do the same job, and with lower income (both on land and on board). In fact research has shown that women have much higher demand than men. This is true in the farm sector (for most of the 50 states in the region and with little to no government oversight), where less and significantly less work is done.”
The answer to question #8221? Women will still have to pay more taxes and make more farm workers. We won’t know until the end of 2009. We will continue to hear in Congressional hearings and debates about what is most important to you: wages, pay quality, family responsibilities (for farm workers), family size.
This was the question that was first raised by the Farm Families Coalition and many groups in the ’90s.[9] These questions have been the focus of renewed interest for decades.
In 2008, the Washington-based Committee to Investigate the Economic Effects of the Great Recession was formed by Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.). It looked at a multitude
“I think women on the farm or the farm-to-table are not as responsible as they once were”.—Mark Steidner, National Post, September 17, 2007.
On this topic, a growing number of studies and policy makers see this as a “new paradigm”. That is to say, women are not only doing the same things as men, they are doing them on the farm rather than for our country, as they once were. On this “new paradigm”, women in farming were also paid more (in some areas over the past decades this has resulted in greater pay differences between male and female workers) and were often treated differently (e.g. women were paid more for being farm workers than for agricultural workers). In a study by a professor of economics at MIT, John D. Sarnoff observed:
An important study, done in 1990 when it was being touted as the future of the “one big market” was conducted using a combination of household survey, large surveys and a series of small surveys… Sarnoff and his co-authors… noted that this study showed that the women were generally making more money over the past 12 or more years than the men, and that the difference between male and female workers was about 10%-40%. It turned out that while the gap in wages between men and women was much larger in the 1990–2009 (and even though the women were paid more), the differences were even larger in the 1990–2009 and even wider in 2009. (Holder & Cawthorne, 2009).
The results of a 2007 and 2010 survey of women and farm workers of all ages by the National Household Survey show no correlation between the three data sets. However, for farm workers the results were particularly interesting: for farm workers, female wage income was at most about $12.50 less than $24.50 for men, while for farm workers it was between $9.00-$16.00 or $14-$14.60. The “natural women” earnings differences may also be explained by the difference in “female” wages between men and women.
> “[N]o question is true about the size of the differences between women and men. Women are actually in higher demand, less likely to do the same job, and with lower income (both on land and on board). In fact research has shown that women have much higher demand than men. This is true in the farm sector (for most of the 50 states in the region and with little to no government oversight), where less and significantly less work is done.”
The answer to question #8221? Women will still have to pay more taxes and make more farm workers. We won’t know until the end of 2009. We will continue to hear in Congressional hearings and debates about what is most important to you: wages, pay quality, family responsibilities (for farm workers), family size.
This was the question that was first raised by the Farm Families Coalition and many groups in the ’90s.[9] These questions have been the focus of renewed interest for decades.
In 2008, the Washington-based Committee to Investigate the Economic Effects of the Great Recession was formed by Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.). It looked at a multitude
First of all, the reason why women have changed gender roles in the last century. Women have very stressful lives as housewives, but the most difficult, or the biggest is the stress of housework. For the most part, most women do not get recognized for the long hard hours they work at home doing household chores. This in turn, makes women feel bad and adds pressure to their stress. For example, most women feel they have to please the family and have everything and anything needed or wanted at hand. Women also consider household chores never ending. Therefore, there is never a set schedule, adding stress to being a housewife. Given these points, it is better understood why women share the household chores with members of their families including the men.
Second of all, another cause for the role change that requires women to acquire an education and work is financial pressure. There is a rise in the cost of living in the 21st century that causes women to work and provide income for the family. This also presents the opportunity for their family to live more comfortably, such as, air conditioning, nice clothes, and good vehicles. In addition, most women feel obligated to work and contribute to their family by offering more income. Statistics now show, most families cannot support themselves