Law and SocietyLaw and SocietyInternational commercial arbitration is a means by which disputes arising out of international trade and commerce could be resolved pursuant to the parties voluntary agreement, through a process other than a court of competent jurisdiction. In other words, the object of arbitration is to obtain a fair resolution of disputes by an impartial tribunal without unnecessary delay or expense; and the parties should be free to agree on how their disputes are resolved, subject only to such safeguards as are necessary in the public interest . It is a consensual means of dispute resolution by non-governmental decision makers and produces a definitive and binding award which is capable of enforcement through national courts .
The arbitration system is developed by law and developed at a high level of international participation, not by an ideological “public interest.” Lawyers and non-governmental organizations seek to minimize the time and costs involved in adjudicating any dispute and to reduce delays in arbitration in some ways.
A third way to promote voluntary coexistence is through participation in international social justice organizations and non-governmental organizations. Organizations with national federations whose membership is in part international may engage in social justice activities.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child calls on states to recognize the rights of children under their care, including sexual abuse, as well as other forms of abuse.
A number of States have recognized the right of children and/or their parents to access legal advice and free assistance in getting their children access to their legal rights, such as legal education and safe and legal protection.
In December 2013, the Committee of Safety in Childhood, which led the first year of the European Network for the Protection of Children and Infants from Child Abuse, and which held a conference of countries that have ratified this statement, held its meeting in Geneva to review how much this “human rights” guarantee for children is being used to advance the interests of children, including in health care professionals’ and in economic interests for adults. The participants included 14 countries and 23 countries with at least one representative of the Council to participate. See: http://www.unwcm.org/publications/world_activist_regime_hazards/2012/international/index.php
What does this mean now?
Child protection organizations, on its face, consider children as the same as adults, and do not believe that the fact that children have rights is necessary to advance the interests of children. The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment would allow a state to apply compulsory legal protections, such as the right to free speech, as rights, including those of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, property and the pursuit of happiness”.
However, in 2010, the Committee of Safety held a conference to consider how child rights would be promoted by a government, and a series of conference reports have documented the use of child protection institutions and similar organizations with governments to promote “public diplomacy on political, social, legal and economic matters”.
In May 2010, the Committee of Safety decided to open the doors of the United Nations Children’s Convention to child abuse victims, who had been notified repeatedly of possible victims with child exploitation in the context of the government’s efforts to protect them. In the absence of a national child protection organization, survivors from forced and compulsory child sex trafficking and others could be “adcluded under a national registry and recognized under a national law”, “no question of nationality or the nationality of their parent or guardian”, and even the United States could not exclude them. The Convention’s application of child protection and the national registry of victims can be considered as “an integral part of the broader international law on child trafficking, with
The arbitration system is developed by law and developed at a high level of international participation, not by an ideological “public interest.” Lawyers and non-governmental organizations seek to minimize the time and costs involved in adjudicating any dispute and to reduce delays in arbitration in some ways.
A third way to promote voluntary coexistence is through participation in international social justice organizations and non-governmental organizations. Organizations with national federations whose membership is in part international may engage in social justice activities.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child calls on states to recognize the rights of children under their care, including sexual abuse, as well as other forms of abuse.
A number of States have recognized the right of children and/or their parents to access legal advice and free assistance in getting their children access to their legal rights, such as legal education and safe and legal protection.
In December 2013, the Committee of Safety in Childhood, which led the first year of the European Network for the Protection of Children and Infants from Child Abuse, and which held a conference of countries that have ratified this statement, held its meeting in Geneva to review how much this “human rights” guarantee for children is being used to advance the interests of children, including in health care professionals’ and in economic interests for adults. The participants included 14 countries and 23 countries with at least one representative of the Council to participate. See: http://www.unwcm.org/publications/world_activist_regime_hazards/2012/international/index.php
What does this mean now?
Child protection organizations, on its face, consider children as the same as adults, and do not believe that the fact that children have rights is necessary to advance the interests of children. The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment would allow a state to apply compulsory legal protections, such as the right to free speech, as rights, including those of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, property and the pursuit of happiness”.
However, in 2010, the Committee of Safety held a conference to consider how child rights would be promoted by a government, and a series of conference reports have documented the use of child protection institutions and similar organizations with governments to promote “public diplomacy on political, social, legal and economic matters”.
In May 2010, the Committee of Safety decided to open the doors of the United Nations Children’s Convention to child abuse victims, who had been notified repeatedly of possible victims with child exploitation in the context of the government’s efforts to protect them. In the absence of a national child protection organization, survivors from forced and compulsory child sex trafficking and others could be “adcluded under a national registry and recognized under a national law”, “no question of nationality or the nationality of their parent or guardian”, and even the United States could not exclude them. The Convention’s application of child protection and the national registry of victims can be considered as “an integral part of the broader international law on child trafficking, with
The recent years have witnessed an increasing spur in the international commercial arbitration and a tendency to incorporation of compulsory standard arbitration clauses in every international commercial contract. The well-known reasons for the popularity of commercial arbitration is that it is predictable, held in private and avoids publicity, flexibility, less formal, cheaper and speedier than national court proceedings. However, single most important reason for this phenomenal increase could be attributed to the rapid expansion of international trade and the free market policies increasingly influenced by non-state actors. The new arrangement formed outside the nation State such as the multilateral economic institutions, the setting up of supranational legal standards and the non-governmental entities led by capital market and multilateral corporations have significantly contributed in promoting arbitration as a means of settling commercial disputes of international character, by passing the test and standards set under the national judicial systems.
In the early years of international commercial arbitration as a alternative means of settlement of trade disputes, there existed an increasing criticism leveled by the developing world against it. Some of the major arguments of the developing world against commercial arbitration were that the practice of arbitration was configured in such a way as to consistently favor the economic interest of the developed world. Secondly, the applicable law under the disputes i.e., the doctrinal configuration of international law is working against the interest of the third world. In short, the developing countries contend that there exists institutional and doctrinal bias in international commercial