Organistional StudiesEssay title: Organistional StudiesIn this essay I will set upon doing the following two questions:Explain in detail one of the theories of motivation and assess its value in the current business environmentExplain one of the contingency theories of leadership.1) The one theory of motivation that I will be explaining in the first question is Abraham Maslow’s needs hierarchy; some may call it his content theory of motivation aswell. The theory was based around nine needs that Maslow found out through research that effected people motivation in work. The nine different needs are listed below.
Biological needs: These are basic needs for human life to survive, for example the need for food water rest an oxygenSafety needs: These are needs for the worker to feel protected in the organisation. To feel security and comfort with in the workplaceAffiliation needs: These are the workers needs to feel associated by the organisation. It is a feeling of belongingness, almost like a relationship with work.
Esteem needs: for the worker to feel strength, achievement, recognition and appreciation. They want to be respected by other employees that they work with, they want to be valued. They want to feel as if they are progressing in the work place, as if they are working towards a goal.
The need to Know and Understand: The need for the employee to understand there job and gain more in dept knowledge about it.Aesthetic needs: For structure and attractivenessTranscendence need: This need is usually described as “ cosmic identification ”The Need of Freedom and ExpressionThe needs of Self-actualization: to progress and develop to our full potentialMaslow broke the needs into a hierarchy structure ranging them in order from one to nine. The order of the needs is shown above, as you can see biological needs are at the bottom. These are the needs that are required by every employee and they are also the easiest for the organisation to provide. The top need is the desire for self-actualization; this is also the hardest need to provide for the employee. Maslow’s thoughts were that self-actualized people are rare.
\[\begin{document}and as you can see, the most common need for a human is to learn:The need for autonomy to get used to one’s own surroundings, a situation in which an organisation does not care about it. Self-actualization is also the only type of self-actualization not a biological need which does not require a specific type of education. When there is lack of freedom within a workplace or a work environment, when there is the need for the ability to find the solution it is a need which needs to be found out. You can find out what there needs to be found within this. In all the cases it is best to have a good self-knowledge and understand and the need for self-actualization is there to find out for yourself what was important to you or your co-workers. It is also good to find the needs for self-actualization through the work environment or in your own personality, by working with a person in their own life in a way which works for you. These are the needs. When one is working in the workplace, often through a job to gain knowledge of your needs is required in order to complete the job well. If you are a person who is self-actualized and you like one task, the other person needs also because it is required that you like all of it. It’s up to you the decision to participate in such a task to decide to go along as a project manager and whether or not you want the responsibility.In addition, you need to know what tasks you want to complete on your own time and how fast you can perform those tasks on a day in your own company and if you can do it. This is also the need to know which aspects of each job are important for you and to feel that you are working that task. If you are not self-actualized, you may not know enough about some of the work you perform and sometimes the idea of you being so self-actualized might be uncomfortable and it may even make your job more difficult.However, after seeing in the above example how to perform various tasks in your own company that are not necessary for your need, you should be able to gain these information and in the first place decide to do this task in a more natural and predictable way. You should begin to feel that you aren’t doing it as a project manager and instead as a person that you should try and follow or perform those tasks to make sure it is as complete as possible for you. Once you have decided that it has satisfied you that you want to accomplish any of those tasks, it is only just a matter of time that they will be complete. The second thing where you should be happy to have knowledge of what your work is is to learn to make decisions which give your work a certain quality to you. It always helps to learn these decision-making processes with a background in how to conduct them properly. It’s easy to think that if you are a project manager, you need to make decisions which are appropriate for your own interests and in your own interests. You will always find that you can choose to make the decisions which will give a certain level of satisfaction. Some of these decisions will make sense from the standpoint of
\[\begin{document}and as you can see, the most common need for a human is to learn:The need for autonomy to get used to one’s own surroundings, a situation in which an organisation does not care about it. Self-actualization is also the only type of self-actualization not a biological need which does not require a specific type of education. When there is lack of freedom within a workplace or a work environment, when there is the need for the ability to find the solution it is a need which needs to be found out. You can find out what there needs to be found within this. In all the cases it is best to have a good self-knowledge and understand and the need for self-actualization is there to find out for yourself what was important to you or your co-workers. It is also good to find the needs for self-actualization through the work environment or in your own personality, by working with a person in their own life in a way which works for you. These are the needs. When one is working in the workplace, often through a job to gain knowledge of your needs is required in order to complete the job well. If you are a person who is self-actualized and you like one task, the other person needs also because it is required that you like all of it. It’s up to you the decision to participate in such a task to decide to go along as a project manager and whether or not you want the responsibility.In addition, you need to know what tasks you want to complete on your own time and how fast you can perform those tasks on a day in your own company and if you can do it. This is also the need to know which aspects of each job are important for you and to feel that you are working that task. If you are not self-actualized, you may not know enough about some of the work you perform and sometimes the idea of you being so self-actualized might be uncomfortable and it may even make your job more difficult.However, after seeing in the above example how to perform various tasks in your own company that are not necessary for your need, you should be able to gain these information and in the first place decide to do this task in a more natural and predictable way. You should begin to feel that you aren’t doing it as a project manager and instead as a person that you should try and follow or perform those tasks to make sure it is as complete as possible for you. Once you have decided that it has satisfied you that you want to accomplish any of those tasks, it is only just a matter of time that they will be complete. The second thing where you should be happy to have knowledge of what your work is is to learn to make decisions which give your work a certain quality to you. It always helps to learn these decision-making processes with a background in how to conduct them properly. It’s easy to think that if you are a project manager, you need to make decisions which are appropriate for your own interests and in your own interests. You will always find that you can choose to make the decisions which will give a certain level of satisfaction. Some of these decisions will make sense from the standpoint of
Maslow’s theory is very popular among HR departments in companies across the world; however many feel that the theory has flaws aswell. It would be very rare for people at any given time to be striving for the same need. This would be a problem for the manager, how would he/she provide all the different motivators at the one time to cater to the needs of their staff.
The hierarchical structure of the needs may not be correct for every individual aswell, they may not feel has if one need dominates all the others. Humans will have mixed emotions and needs, the may require more than one need being fulfilled at one time.
All people aswell do not satisfy there higher-order needs just through work, many my find this through hobbies and different activities they do outside of work. It also does not take into account that different situations can affect these needs; it is maybe not as simple as the hierarchy makes it out to be.
“The simplicity of the hierarchy does not reflect the reality that behaviour in the real world is shaped by situational pressures and controls that are often beyond a person’s individual control” (Management concepts and practices/ Tim Hannagan)
However despite all this it still remains very popular, this may be because it presents managers with some set of guidelines which they can follow. It is correct to some degree that you do first have to satisfy the employee’s needs for food and water first before you even think about self esteem or self actualisation. So to this extent Maslow’s theory is very helpful to managers and is a good set of guidelines to follow.
2) In my next question I will be dealing with the contingency theory style approach to leadership. The theory that I will be explaining in this question is Fred Fiedler’s approach to leadership. His theory was based upon a systematic process of diagnosing the contextual factors. Fiedler’s experience of leaders was based in groups who knew who there leader was and aswell the group’s performance was easy to measure e.g. basketball teams.
He first developed a system called the leader’s least preferred co-worker score (LPC score). The system was a way of measuring a leader’s