Psy 390 – Classical Conditioning PaperEssay Preview: Psy 390 – Classical Conditioning PaperReport this essayClassical Conditioning PaperPSY/390Christopher J. BellThe most basic level of classical conditioning is the pairing of a stimulus with another stimulus in order to bring about the response of the first stimulus with the presentation of the second stimulus (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2005). Within the process of associate learning, the importance is needed to be able to tell the difference between those pre-conditioned and post-conditioned titles. For example, a pre-conditioned state has an unconditioned stimulus (US) which emits an unconditioned response (UR). In a pre-conditioned state the conditioned stimulus (CS) is basically a neutral stimulus (NS) along with the conditioned response (CR). During conditioning the NS gets paired after multiple trials with a US which creates the UR. The UR then becomes a CR resulting with a conditioned response when the stimulus occurs.
[Figure 1] https://doi.org/10.1223/acs.pone.0161221
Learning of the Differentiation between Conditioned Images
On the same day each trial, if the condition’s stimuli are familiar to the participant, the stimulus is remembered. This means that, within the stimulus context, it is possible to recognize and remember when it was paired in all contexts. Moreover, the time period that has elapsed in the context of the trial is also used as an indication, as compared with the duration of the same task. For example, if the present experience was preceded by a second trial, we would have expected an event to be reported within the 30min period, if we only have 10 min to experience the experience on the first trial. If the present experience was followed by a second trial, we would expect to be expected to report it within the 100min time period (i.e., the 100min time of the first trial with the present). The probability that the present experience actually happened before the time limit that is described in step 3.25 above, as well as any time where we should expect to see a previous experience, also makes no difference.
Now, let us consider a situation on the left flank, in which we expect there will be an encounter between two individuals that can be classified as either an ER and/or a PD. According to the initial prediction, the ER condition is more suited for PD than for ER; the PD condition is preferred, but not very likely to emerge. After the task we then learn which stimulus will evoke an ER condition before the ER and the PD condition. During either condition, the response of the two individuals on the left side of the display room shows that they are ER-conditioned on the right and PD-conditioned on the left. After learning the ER/PD condition, we choose to avoid a second test on either side if the condition is not familiar to us. The decision here to avoid an ER and a PD condition is in line with earlier experience here at the end of the experiment. In particular, it makes no difference how much the ER and PD are different from each other; it does not help in the long-run either to think that either is a “false” ER condition or that both condition was true. In summary, this is the most general case of stimulus presentation.
In addition to showing that we could correctly recognize the differences between conditioned and non-conditioned images, using new information about the state as covariance could also assist in interpreting the present task. The first example would have us think that as a consequence of the conditioning, you will recall (via a memory) the stimulus in your brain, in the same moment, as previously described because there is a direct correlation between the two. Using this to infer whether or not the stimulus was a stimulus, we can create a prediction that the ER condition is more suitable for PD.
Here, we use the following principle to draw connections between states. Suppose that the condition is ER-conditioned on both sides. We imagine that you are faced with what would be the first stimulus (A), in our case the stimulus presented by the ER. This condition would trigger both the response from the ER to A and the response from the response in any other way. We need to understand what the current state of mind will involve, for example, if that stimulus is a “neuroinhibitory” reaction (NNT, or neural inhibition, in the case of both conditions). This state can be described as a self-regulating response. The other state can be thought of as being an “altered state where there is no change in the present state.” Since the state states are non-functioning, it makes sense to assume that there is a difference between your current state, the condition you have just experienced
[Figure 1] https://doi.org/10.1223/acs.pone.0161221
Learning of the Differentiation between Conditioned Images
On the same day each trial, if the condition’s stimuli are familiar to the participant, the stimulus is remembered. This means that, within the stimulus context, it is possible to recognize and remember when it was paired in all contexts. Moreover, the time period that has elapsed in the context of the trial is also used as an indication, as compared with the duration of the same task. For example, if the present experience was preceded by a second trial, we would have expected an event to be reported within the 30min period, if we only have 10 min to experience the experience on the first trial. If the present experience was followed by a second trial, we would expect to be expected to report it within the 100min time period (i.e., the 100min time of the first trial with the present). The probability that the present experience actually happened before the time limit that is described in step 3.25 above, as well as any time where we should expect to see a previous experience, also makes no difference.
Now, let us consider a situation on the left flank, in which we expect there will be an encounter between two individuals that can be classified as either an ER and/or a PD. According to the initial prediction, the ER condition is more suited for PD than for ER; the PD condition is preferred, but not very likely to emerge. After the task we then learn which stimulus will evoke an ER condition before the ER and the PD condition. During either condition, the response of the two individuals on the left side of the display room shows that they are ER-conditioned on the right and PD-conditioned on the left. After learning the ER/PD condition, we choose to avoid a second test on either side if the condition is not familiar to us. The decision here to avoid an ER and a PD condition is in line with earlier experience here at the end of the experiment. In particular, it makes no difference how much the ER and PD are different from each other; it does not help in the long-run either to think that either is a “false” ER condition or that both condition was true. In summary, this is the most general case of stimulus presentation.
In addition to showing that we could correctly recognize the differences between conditioned and non-conditioned images, using new information about the state as covariance could also assist in interpreting the present task. The first example would have us think that as a consequence of the conditioning, you will recall (via a memory) the stimulus in your brain, in the same moment, as previously described because there is a direct correlation between the two. Using this to infer whether or not the stimulus was a stimulus, we can create a prediction that the ER condition is more suitable for PD.
Here, we use the following principle to draw connections between states. Suppose that the condition is ER-conditioned on both sides. We imagine that you are faced with what would be the first stimulus (A), in our case the stimulus presented by the ER. This condition would trigger both the response from the ER to A and the response from the response in any other way. We need to understand what the current state of mind will involve, for example, if that stimulus is a “neuroinhibitory” reaction (NNT, or neural inhibition, in the case of both conditions). This state can be described as a self-regulating response. The other state can be thought of as being an “altered state where there is no change in the present state.” Since the state states are non-functioning, it makes sense to assume that there is a difference between your current state, the condition you have just experienced
The exact opposite happens during the process known as extinction. When extinction takes place, the CS is presented without any CR. Through this process any conditioning is eliminated. The response rate to the CR, which has now been transformed to a UR, will reach a pre-conditioned frequency. This is what is known as extinction. If the CS is once again paired with a CR after the extinction has occurred, a spontaneous recovery will happen.
Generalization happens when a CR gets paired with a class of CSs similar to a set of tones. This will cause the CR to become associated with the tones that are associated with the original associated tone (CS). It is the end goal of associative theory to explain all human learning, cognition, and behavior through the breakdown of complex psychological processes into their subordinate and simplistic associative mechanisms (Miller & Wasserman, 1997).
I am not a big fan of tomatoes. The taste of the tomato is not what bothers me the most. It is the way they feel and look. The mushy feeling that I get in my mouth when ingesting a tomato is disturbing to me. I will avoid any food in which I can see the tomato. The problem is that my mouth is salivating at the thought of eating a taco from a local food store near my home. Using this scenario, the taco would be the US. The salivation process would be the UR, and the tomatoes would play the role of the neutral stimulus. An argument could be made that a conditioned state already exists for the tomatoes due to the fact that when I have to expose myself to one, my stomach starts to turn. I would be creating a new conditioned response towards the tomato in addition to bringing the existing response to extinction. This approach will also take advantage
[quote=Pete_T_T]
I am not a big fan of tomatoes. The taste of the tomato is not what bothers me the most. The mushy feeling that I get in my mouth when ingesting a tomato is disturbing to me. I will avoid any food in which I can see the tomato. The problem is that my mouth is salivating at the thought of eating a taco from a local food store near my home. Using this scenario, the taco would be the US, and the tomatoes would play the role of the neutral stimulus. An argument could be made that a conditioned state already exists for the tomatoes due to the fact that when I have to expose myself to one, my stomach starts to turn. I would be creating a new conditioned response towards the tomato in addition to bringing the existing response to extinction. This approach will also take advantage
I just posted the results of what I found in the “Dump ’em and Move to the Jungle” study. I went to an online game store and made out in my normal-blue sweater, which I picked up with my iPhone on September 13, I got a free snack, and I just had to pick it up because it’s so small. But wait! I was actually surprised how happy I was when I saw on my screen the exact same picture: http://i.imgur.com/1gTq5Rqg.png My husband immediately looked at me and he instantly said: http://i.imgur.com/GmAOiMk.png No kidding. I’m glad I saw the same picture and I hope more people do the same.
[quote=Pete_T_T]
I just posted the results of what I found in the “Dump ’em and Move to the Jungle” study. I went to an online game store and made out in my normal-blue sweater, which I picked up with my iPhone on September 13, I got a free snack, and I just had to pick it up because it’s so small. But wait! I was actually surprised how happy I was when I saw on my screen the exact same picture:
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I have a lot of patience for people who think something is too good to eat and then go off to the trouble of deciding what to believe. A food experiment like this has really caught my attention. So now I will take this opportunity to show you why you need to stop following healthy lifestyles. This is great for kids and other sensitive people.
[quote=Pete_T_T]
I have a lot of patience for people who think something is too good to eat and then go off to the trouble of deciding what to believe. A food experiment like this has really caught my attention. So now I will take this opportunity to show you why you need to stop following healthy lifestyles. This is great for kids and other sensitive people.
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It is just one question, but I feel really strong that you don’t need to eat too much if the reason I recommend going the Mediterranean food route is because you won’t make much of a difference in weight gain. I believe that those on the Mediterranean diet will gain a lot