Essay About Neuritic Plaques And Congophilic Angiopathy

Alzheimer’s
Join now to read essay Alzheimer’s
Alzheimers Disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disease that destroys mental and physical functioning in human beings, and invariably leads to death. It is the fourth leading cause of adult death in the United States. Alzheimers creates emotional and financial catastrophe for many American families every year. Fortunately, a large amount of progress is being made to combat Alzheimers disease every year. To fully be able to comprehend and combat Alzheimers disease, one must know what it does to the brain, the part of the human body it most greatly affects. Many Alzheimers disease sufferers had their brains examined. A large number of differences were present when comparing the normal brain to the Alzheimers brain. There was a loss of nerve cells from the Cerebral Cortex in the Alzheimers victim. Approximately ten percent of the neurons in this region were lost. But a ten percent loss is relatively minor, and cannot account for the severe impairment suffered by Alzheimers victims. Neurofibrillary Tangles are also found in the brains of Alzheimers victims. They are found within the cell bodies of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, and take on the structure of a paired helix. Other diseases that have “paired helixes” include Parkinsons disease, Downs Syndrome, and Dementia Pugilistica. Scientists are not sure how the paired helixes are related in these very different diseases. Neuritic Plaques are patches of clumped material lying outside the bodies of nerve cells in the brain. They are mainly found in the cerebral cortex, but have also been seen in other areas of the brain. At the core of each of these plaques is a substance called amyloid, an abnormal protein not usually found in the brain. This amyloid core is surrounded by cast off fragments of dead or dying nerve cells. The cell fragments include dying mitochondria, presynaptic terminals, and paired helical filaments identical to those that are neurofibrillary tangles. Many neuropathologists think that these plaques are basically clusters of degenerating nerve cells. But they are still not sure of how and why these fragments clustered together. Congophilic Angiopathy is the technical name that neuropathologists have given to an abnormality found in the walls of blood vessels in the brains of victims of Alzheimers disease. These abnormal patches are similar to the neuritic plaques that develop in Alzheimers disease, in that amyloid has been found within the blood-vessel walls wherever the patches occur. Another name for these patches is cerebrovascular amyloid, meaning amyloid found in the blood vessels of the brains. Acetylcholine is a substance that carries signals from one nerve cell to