Characters That Make Up the RenaissanceEssay Preview: Characters That Make Up the RenaissanceReport this essayIt is often thought among historians that the Renaissance was unique to Italy and that the era centers around two set dates of 1350 and 1500. Theodore K. Rabb, however, refutes this idea and believes that the time period flows seamlessly from one era to another involving Northern Europe.
There are many characteristics that make up the Renaissance including gunpowder warfare, state building, capitalism, and the domestication of aristocracy. In The Last Days of the Renaissance and the March to Modernity Rabb declares how these characteristics define the Renaissance. Each of the components that make up the Renaissance work together, and over time they transform the way of life of that era.
The change in weaponry started out slow but gradually became a defining element of the Renaissance. Warfare had changed through the use of cannons. These new inventions were built for destruction at greater distances. Men that obtained cannons were put on a higher social status than those that did not and therefore upped the competition amongst the warriors. Cannons were cheap, easily made, and accessible to everyone on the battlefield (Rabb). They created a faster way to defeat the enemies. The castles that had been built before the invention of cannons were not sturdy enough to handle so much power and therefore became vulnerable to the explosions. Cannons had thus caused fear among the people. They feared them not only because of the noise but also the unpredictability of their landing. The misshapen projectiles that the cannons were put into did not give off great accuracy. Due to all of the damage from the cannons, there had to be change in the planning of the battlefield as well as the construction of houses and designing the city which is how cannons had made their impact on the era.
No less revolutionary than the upheaval in warfare was the affiliated transformation of politics known as state building. This overcame a wide diversity of areas from large territorial states to smaller principalities. Previous power was distributed among the aristocracy and clergy members. Ecclesiastics, townsmen, and nobles were chief sources of alternative authority. The victory over these competing powers was essential to the advance of state building (Rabb). What was distinct about the story of state building during the period was that between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, the rivals had vanquished. State building had centralized power, extended bureaucratization, increased taxes, and expanded war-making capabilities (Rabb). All things gave the Renaissance a new perspective politically and economically.
The Renaissance of the Renaissance (1350–1400)
The Renaissance of the Renaissance (1350–1400)–and the subsequent transition of politics to governing
In the early 1280s, as the political economy shifted from small cities to large national and regional states, the political economy changed, creating the Renaissance in the sense of the period from 1350 to 1500. With the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War in 1407, a new political economy was created, one that reflected that of a new era in the Empire, which was led by Jove (1375-1408); by the 1380s, the New Empire was the New Republic, which was led by A. I. E. Gallic and which had become the Republic of Venice. The two competing national and regional states, the Kingdom of France and Republic of Austria, met in 1514 and were the first states to join the Treaty of Rome.
The rise of the Christian and Monophysite Empire in the fifteenth century was a marked contrast to the two dominant Christian and Roman empires, which were dominated by the Church and government at that time, but which were dominated by the Church. The Church and government remained relatively under control of the Roman aristocracy, to a degree which encouraged Roman rule in England and France. The rise of the Catholic Church followed the fall of the Lombard monarchy, which came under the control of Pope Pius XII and followed with the ascension to Pope John Paul II, who established the Catholic Church outside the Empire. In 1526, Emperor Constantine XII led a revolution against the Protestant and Reformed orders, setting off a political crisis in which the church was forced to accept the rule of its Roman emperor. The Revolution of 1410 saw the rise of the Catholic clergy, which had been fighting their old ways and in many cases, been overthrown by a new and better monarch. But, by the time of the revolution, the Catholic clergy was unable to form a political party or government, and the clergy’s leadership remained small. From the 1730s to the 1820s, the Pope (1801-1855) took on more powerful and more important role, while reforming the religious order through the use of the Christian doctrines of faith and charity (Rabb). Eventually, at the same time, the Catholic clergy lost their power to govern or influence state authority. The Revolution of 1814 gave way to a new era in Europe, one characterized by a greater commitment to equality amongst all citizens, political freedom under the rule of the state, and an era of social progress and public prosperity.
The 1820s ushered in the first revolution. These new reforms included, of course, greater control over taxation, regulation of the means of production, and the creation of new and efficient agricultural systems. These efforts, particularly the creation of social safety nets, also helped generate the economic growth that eventually led to the Industrial Revolution of the 1820s. Although under attack for centuries, the revolution provided significant political and social stability (Rabb). In the course of these reforms, they were also a catalyst for a broader process of social development that characterized the twentieth century, with the invention of printing, the emergence of electronic information systems, the rise in the power of media and the rise of the internet.
The
The Renaissance of the Renaissance (1350–1400)
The Renaissance of the Renaissance (1350–1400)–and the subsequent transition of politics to governing
In the early 1280s, as the political economy shifted from small cities to large national and regional states, the political economy changed, creating the Renaissance in the sense of the period from 1350 to 1500. With the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War in 1407, a new political economy was created, one that reflected that of a new era in the Empire, which was led by Jove (1375-1408); by the 1380s, the New Empire was the New Republic, which was led by A. I. E. Gallic and which had become the Republic of Venice. The two competing national and regional states, the Kingdom of France and Republic of Austria, met in 1514 and were the first states to join the Treaty of Rome.
The rise of the Christian and Monophysite Empire in the fifteenth century was a marked contrast to the two dominant Christian and Roman empires, which were dominated by the Church and government at that time, but which were dominated by the Church. The Church and government remained relatively under control of the Roman aristocracy, to a degree which encouraged Roman rule in England and France. The rise of the Catholic Church followed the fall of the Lombard monarchy, which came under the control of Pope Pius XII and followed with the ascension to Pope John Paul II, who established the Catholic Church outside the Empire. In 1526, Emperor Constantine XII led a revolution against the Protestant and Reformed orders, setting off a political crisis in which the church was forced to accept the rule of its Roman emperor. The Revolution of 1410 saw the rise of the Catholic clergy, which had been fighting their old ways and in many cases, been overthrown by a new and better monarch. But, by the time of the revolution, the Catholic clergy was unable to form a political party or government, and the clergy’s leadership remained small. From the 1730s to the 1820s, the Pope (1801-1855) took on more powerful and more important role, while reforming the religious order through the use of the Christian doctrines of faith and charity (Rabb). Eventually, at the same time, the Catholic clergy lost their power to govern or influence state authority. The Revolution of 1814 gave way to a new era in Europe, one characterized by a greater commitment to equality amongst all citizens, political freedom under the rule of the state, and an era of social progress and public prosperity.
The 1820s ushered in the first revolution. These new reforms included, of course, greater control over taxation, regulation of the means of production, and the creation of new and efficient agricultural systems. These efforts, particularly the creation of social safety nets, also helped generate the economic growth that eventually led to the Industrial Revolution of the 1820s. Although under attack for centuries, the revolution provided significant political and social stability (Rabb). In the course of these reforms, they were also a catalyst for a broader process of social development that characterized the twentieth century, with the invention of printing, the emergence of electronic information systems, the rise in the power of media and the rise of the internet.
The
The new economic outlook was encircled by the rise of Capitalism. It was a slow process and did not advance at the same pace in all areas. There was debate about Capitalism penetration in the countryside. Advocates of gradual development in human affairs will admit that after the fourteenth century a new