Essay About Significant Differences And Basic Principles

Technical Analysis And Mutual Funds. Testing Trading Rules
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ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to develop strategies that enable portfolio managers to improve market timing by
learning to recognize leading indications of forthcoming changes. The aim of this study is the testing, in a Mutual Fund
series, of the predicting ability of a popular technical exchange tool, the Moving Average Rule. A short-term and a
long-term moving average are used for the creation of “buy” and “sell” signals of mutual funds. 2891 predictions were
made, for the same time-series, for different values of short-term and long-term moving averages and the profitability of
this method was calculated. The method was proved profitable, if no buy and sell cost was counted. The Two Moving
Average Rule by itself is efficient only for the companies that administrate the respective mutual fund and not for the
single investor. It is presented the triple moving average rule, which possibly can be a solution for this problem.
KEYWORDS: Technical Analysis, Mutual Funds, Moving Average Rule, Decision Making
INTRODUCTION
The decision-making process could break down into two separate stages-analysis and timing. Because of the high
leverage factor in the future markets, timing is especially crucial to successful trading. It is quite possible to be correct
on the general trend of the market and still lose money. Because margin requirements are so low in future trading, a
relatively small price move in the wrong direction can force the trader out of the market with the resulting loss of all or
most of that margin. In stock market trading, by contrast, a trader who finds him or herself on the wrong side of the
market can simply decide to hold onto the stock, hoping that it will stage a comeback at some point in the future. This is
how many traders stop being traders and become investors.
Technical analysts attempt to forecast prices by the study of past prices and a few other related summary statistics about
security trading. They believe that shifts in supply and demand can be detected in charts of market action. Technical
analysis is considered by many to be the original form of investment analysis, dating back to the 1800s. (Brock-
Lakonishok — Baron 1992)
Chartist, or Technical analysis of financial markets involves providing forecasts of asset prices or trading advice on the
basis of visual examination of the past history of price movements (Edwards and Magee, 1967). Perhaps with the aid of
certain quantitative summary measures of past price movements such as �momentum’ indicators (�oscillators’) or
moving averages (Murphy, 1986), but without regard to any underlying economic, or �fundamental’ analysis.
Technical analysis is the study of market action, primarily through the use of charts, for the purpose of forecasting
future price trends. The term “market action” includes the three principal sources of information available to the
technician-price, volume, and open interest. The term “price action”, which is often used, seems too narrow because
most commodity technicians include volume and open interest as an integral part of their market analysis. With this
distinction made, the terms “price action” and “market action” are used interchangeably throughout the remainder of
this discussion.
A question often asked is whether technical analysis as applied to commodity futures is the same as the stock market.
The answer is both yes and no. The basic principles are the same, but there are some significant differences. The
principles of technical analysis were first applied to stock market forecasting and only later adapted to commodities.
Most of the basic tools-bar charts point and figure charts, price patterns, volume, trendlines, moving averages, and
oscillators, for example-are used in both areas. Anyone who has learned these concepts in either stocks or commodities
wouldnt have too much trouble making the adjustment to the other side. However, there are some general areas of
difference having more to do with the different, nature of stocks and commodity futures than with the actual tools
themselves.
The trend today in technical analysis is a “return to basics’. The polyphony from advanced technologies like neural
networks and chaos theory guide back to indicators and analytical methods. With the abundance of trading tools that
have emerged over the years, the average trader can get lost in a maze of mathematical formulas and chart patterns,
wandering farther and farther from his ultimate goal: making trading decisions. There are too many analysis trees to see
the trading forest. It is possible to identify and isolate those indicators that have performed consistently over time.
This study attempts to develop strategies that enable portfolio managers to improve market timing by learning to
recognize leading indications of forthcoming changes. With technical analysis, changes in price trends could filter and
help the investment planning process.
MUTUAL FUNDS
The field of Mutual Funds, as an investing option, constantly grows in the global financial market, as well as in the