Physiological Methods
Essay Preview: Physiological Methods
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You have an exam at 8 A.M. and it is now 8 P.M. the night before. You have studied well. The best thing to do now is
4. Sleep all night
Xavier was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included: dog, pail, and hate. Later, he recalled these words as: “log, whale, and late.” Xaviers errors in recall suggest that he had encoded the original word list
Phonemically
Karina is given a list of words to memorize, and she forms a mental image of each word on the list. Calvin is given the same list of words, and he thinks of words that rhyme with each of the words on the list. Based on the research that has focused on the process of encoding, you should expect that on a memory test
Karina will recall more words than Calvin
During a party, Michael was talking to a friend about the symbolism involved in a recent movie. Michael attributed the explanation of the symbolism to a prominent movie critic, when actually he heard it from his roommate. This example illustrates which of the following phenomena?
source-monitoring error
Kiana was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included: “dog, pail, and hate.” Later, she recalled these words as: “dig, paint, and hard.” Kianas errors in recall suggest that she had encoded the original word list
Structurally
Knowing that a particular person has been arrested and accused of the crime in question can influence the recollections of eyewitnesses. This finding can best be explained by
hindsight bias
Taryn was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included: “dog, pail, and hate.” Later, she recalled these words as: “pup, bucket, and loathe.” Taryns errors in recall suggest that she had encoded the original word list
Semantically
If youre thinking about your plans for the weekend while you are reading your psychology textbook, the reason you will probably forget most of what you read is that youve used __________ encoding, which is inferior to __________ encoding for retention of verbal material.
phonemic; semantic
Isabella