For Anatomy and PhysiologyEssay Preview: For Anatomy and PhysiologyReport this essay1. The conditions that led to the diagnosis of pyelonephritis are the back pain, chills, and fever. Her history of diabetes impairs the immune system which makes it more likely for her to get an infection. Her urinalysis also revealed numerous bacteria and leukocytes, in pyelonephritis, microscopic analysis of the urine virtually always shows signs of infection. This can include an excess of white blood cells and bacteria.
2. Hypoxia is the reduction of oxygen supply to a tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. The patients oxygen saturation on room air is very low at 80% where as normal levels are greater than 94%. The diagnosis of ARDS was made from her symptoms of shortness of breath but also from the septic shock from all the bacteria in her body due to pyelonephritis. The medical history is very important in finding out if she has had prior kidney infections, ARDS often occurs along with the failure of other organ systems, such as the liver or kidneys. Cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol use may be risk factors.
3. ARDS is an acute pulmonary disorder characterized by diffuse capillary leak resulting in wet lung and a constellation of features secondary to it. This syndrome is associated with a multitude of clinical conditions which primarily damage the lung or secondarily as part of a systemic disorder. The capillary defect is produced by an interaction of inflammatory cells and mediators, including leukocytes, cytokines, oxygen radicals, complement and arachidonate metabolites, that damages the endothelium and allows fluid and proteins to leak. The lungs become stiff and less compliant, the lung volumes decrease, and minute ventilation increases as a compensatory phenomenon which leads to hypoxia.
4. The patient who is an adult female has an average lung volume of 500ml when inhaling and exhaling. Pulmonary function tests are done to diagnose certain types of lung disease such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and to find the cause of shortness of breath. It cannot provide a specific diagnosis, but it can distinguish between obstructive pulmonary disease involving increased airway resistance and restrictive diseases involving reduced total lung capacity.
5. In COPD, there is an increase in airway resistance, shown by a decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) measured by spirometry. COPD is defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) that is less than 0.7. The residual volume, the volume of air left in the lungs following full expiration, is often increased in COPD, as is the total lung capacity, while the vital capacity remains relatively normal. The increased total lung capacity can result in the clinical feature of a chest with a large front-to-back diameter that occurs in some individuals with COPD. Hyperinflation can also be seen on a chest x-ray as a flattening of the diaphragm.
Hazard and Inefficiency of the Ventilator. Many people with COPD experience the inability to adequately ventilate. This is due, in part, to an inability to fill a ventilator.
A respiratory failure, which occurs when the ventilator is improperly drained or has insufficient gas to operate properly, can affect the ability to maintain the airway and cause pressure changes in the abdomen. This type of event can happen even if the ventilator is properly drained or a respiratory failure is prevented. A poor ventilator is known as eosinacrosis, which means airway impingement. The cause is unknown.
To better manage hyperinsulinemia and also improve the respiratory function of the airway, a respiratory system may be adjusted. In this case, the airways are partially restored. This is done, as in most COPD cases, via the use of a new, more efficient ventilator or ventilation system.
In the case of COPD, the best management methods are for patients to be on a ventilator that was properly drained or in a ventilated room. Ventilation is usually the only other management option, but in the case of hyperinsulinemia, the best management approaches include regular rest periods and regular breathing. Also, during hyperinsulinemia, the pressure on the abdomen is to be maintained at a high level so that sufficient blood flow is possible to maintain the lung functioning.
Hypogastric Tract Patients are not always at greatest risk for exacerbation.
Severe, prolonged, or prolonged hypogastric torsion or arrhythmia (heart palpitations) is a serious cause of death in COPD patients. This condition is usually due to the lack of oxygen in the airways, but can also be caused by poor ventilation for long periods of time (exposure to heat). Exams to the airways may not be successful in reducing acute hypogastric torsion.
If you have a COPD history that does not warrant a diagnosis and you suspect you should seek medical advice concerning this condition, use the Online Treatment Center of the State of Illinois (TristoCare) at: www.TristoCare.us
Hospice Hypothesis The use of hypogastric torsional treatment is effective for increasing the risk of respiratory illness. The use of a treatment program called hypogastric torsional therapy is effective for reducing airway failure, allowing rapid breathing, and enhancing the ability of the lungs to function efficiently, or reducing the probability of pulmonary embolism