Anticancer Alkaloids
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Plant derived Anticancer Alkaloids
Name of Alkaloid:- Homoharringtonine (Omacetaxine mepesuccinate)
Plant Origin:- (Cephalotaxus harringtonia)
Mechanism:- induces apoptosis by inhibition of protein synthesis
Name of Alkaloid: Camptothecin
Plant Origin:- from the bark and stem of Camptotheca, Happy tree) (Camptotheca acuminata)
Mechanism:- a cytotoxic quinoline alkaloid which inhibits the DNA enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I).
Name of Alkaloid:- Taxol (Paclitaxel)
Plant Origin:- the bark of the Pacific yew tree
(Taxus brevifolia)
Mechanism:- a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy.stabilizes microtubules and as a result, interferes with the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division.
Name of Alkaloid:- Taspine Hydrochloride
Plant Origin:- from Dragons blood, a latex prepared from the cortex of the tree (Croton lechleri) fam. (Euphorbiaceae)
Mechanism:- unknown mechanism of action but it was found to induce strong caspase-cleavage of cytokeratin-18 in HCT116 cells also found to induce activation of caspase-3
Name of Alkaloid:- Vinblastine
Plant Origin:- isolated from the Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
Mechanism:- It binds tubulin, thereby inhibiting the assembly of microtubules.since microtubules arenecessary for the separation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis.
Name of Alkaloid:- Vincristine
Plant Origin:- isolated from the Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
Mechanism:- Vincristine binds to tubulin dimers, inhibiting assembly of microtubule structures. Disruption of the microtubules arrests mitosis in metaphase.
Anticancer alkaloids from marine floras
Name of Alkaloid:- Brugine
Plant Origin:- in (Bruguiera sexangula)
Mehanism: active against two tumors, Sarcoma 180, and lewis lung carcinoma.
Name of Alkaloid:- Lophocladine A
Plant Origin:- bioactive alkaloid from the red alga (Lophocladia sp.) , collected from Fijian Island, New Zealand
Mechanism: Lophocladine A (1)