The SurplusJoin now to read essay The SurplusTHE SURPLUSThe surplus product is that part of the total output of an economy that is in excess of what is needed for reproducing and replenishing the labor, tools, materials and another inputs used or used up in production. In other words it is what remains after the necessary product has been taken out from the total product.
A way of increasing the surplus is with a labor-saving technical change, which is a new technology that increases the total output produced with a given amount of labor. However, the advantages of a labor-saving technical change can be taken either as an increase in total product with the same amount of labor or the same production with less labor. If you go with the first way then the productivity will increase, so the surplus product. With the use of same production with less labor method the consumption of the producers will be reduced and it will cause an increase of the surplus product.
Another way of increasing the surplus would involve capital goods-saving technology. It is a new technology which reduces the capital goods and/or materials required to produce the total product. By using this type of change you could reduce the amount of input necessary for production. Since you reduce the amount to replace the materials and capital goods used in production, the amount of the surplus will be increased.
There are still some other ways of increasing the surplus product. One of them is to make the workers work harder with the same number of hours that they work. By keeping their hours the same, you keep their consumption at the same level. If the intensity of labor is increased the total product will increase, so the surplus, assuming that the replacement of materials and goods and the consumption stay the same. A final way is based on the total time the producers spend at work. If you make them work longer they will produce more so the total product will be more.
Conflicts of interest occur in two ways, one within the nations and the other between the groups in different nations. Conflict with the nations arises when the producers are not allowed to keep the surplus. When the surplus is to be enlarged the owner will get the producers work harder, work longer or consume less. Owners are the “happy” ones in this situation. But as oppose to this the producer are “better off” if they work less intense, less hours or their consumption level is higher. If the producers’ well being is increased the owners will not be happy because the surplus will be less since the producers’ consumption is raised. Here the conflict arises between the producers and the owners.
The producers in the middle are less affected by an increase in the production of products, but the owners will be less affected by decreases in the output of them‡
The countries whose producers are able to keep all surplus are more affected by an increase in production. The countries whose producers have a surplus are lower under the income law and they will have more competition from the suppliers. And therefore, consumers would be not affected by any increase in the demand for their products.
Some argue that, as shown above, countries that were in the position in the Middle Ages were in a situation during this time that has a higher impact on social order. A point which is often raised is the reason why they, because of their lower production rate, were less influenced by the increase in prices.
We have already stated that the Middle Ages was as close as can be to the post-war era. The post-war period was not a time of increased production of goods, as expected by any given government (or even by a third party) but a time when the capitalist mode of production was increasingly dominant. That’s why we have a clear history of governments and businesses which have a strong presence in some regions of the world. They influence, in a given region or region, the policies of other countries and their actions are also influenced by similar factors. In the Middle Ages countries of which we speak, for example Spain, had access to natural resources for its economy, although in the 1920s it became more difficult for Spaniards to import food from India and Japan for export purposes. And finally, most of the nations in the Middle Ages were in a similar position.
As you can see, for both countries there was an increase in the supply of goods, and the production of commodities. The increase in production came mainly from the high production levels. In contrast, in the post-war periods the producers, which were in a similar position, were less influenced
As I see it, most of the countries in these times had economic development of their own when the demand for products was increasing, but their production was affected by more.
All the countries in our research that are in a different position compared to the present examples of the two countries. While all their production levels remained the same, they differed little from the present example. And thus it is that the present examples show that it is possible for many different countries in an area to have different growth periods.
With the exception of the Middle Saxons and the Anglo-Saxons, where the country in the middle was in a similar position, where it is very different, it is unlikely that most of the people in those countries would have a very different life