Essay About 0.315G Of P-Bromoaniline And White Powder

Separation by Chemical Extraction
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Separation by Chemical Extraction
Abstract
p-Bromoaniline, m-toluic acid and phenanthrene were extracted from a stock solution using liquid-liquid extraction. 0.315g of p-Bromoaniline, 0.030g of crude phenanthrene, and 0.730g of crude phenanthrene were extracted, with percent yields of 31.5%, 51.5%, and 36.5%, respectively. Their melting range observations, thin layer chromatography, and recrystallization were performed to test their physical properties.

Procedure Reference
Refer to the Chemistry 232 Laboratory Manual pages 17-22.
Liquid-liquid Extraction
Table 1. Reagents for Extraction
Compound
MW (g/mol)
moles
Physical and Safety Data
Stock Solution A – p-bromoaniline, phenanthrene
1 g/100 mL for p-bromoaniline, 2 g/100 mL for phenanthrene
100 mL
See Products Table
See Individual Compounds
Dichloromethane
CH2Cl2
84.93
Enough to rinse
Bp: 39.8-40 °C(lit.)
Mp: −97 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.325 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Toxic, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation, may cause drowsiness or dizziness, suspected of causing cancer, causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

Use personal protective equipment as required. Dispose as halogenated waste.
Hydrochloric acid
36.46
3 x 30 mL
Bp: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.2 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
37% by weight in H20, concentration is 12M. Highly toxic, corrosive. May be corrosive to metals, causes severe skin burns and eye damage; may cause respiratory irritation. This is true of the 6M and 3M solutions. Dispose as acidic aqueous waste.

Sodium hydroxide
40.00
~ 40 mL
~ 2.13
Mp: 318 °C(lit.)
D= 2.13 g/mL. Corrosive, toxic. Dispose in “basic aqueous waste” container.
Sodium sulfate, anhydrous,
Na2SO4
142.04
4.525 g
0.03186
Mp: 884 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.68 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Hygroscopic. Wrap securely (when free of solvent) and dispose in landfill waste.
p-Bromoaniline
BrC6H4NH2
172.02
0.00581
Mp: 56-62 °C(lit.)
D=1.0g/100mL at 25°C. Toxic by inhalation, contact with skin, and when swallowed. Wear protective clothing.
White powder.
Phenanthrene
C14H10
178.23
0.01122
Bp: 340 °C(lit.)
Mp: 98-100 °C(lit.)
D=2.0g/mL. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin, eye and respiratory system. Irritant. Shiny white crystals.
m-Toluic acid
CH3C6H4CO2H
136.15
0.007345
Bp: 263 °C(lit.)
Mp: 107-113 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.054 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Harmful if swallowed.
Table 2. Recrystallization of Phenanthrene
Compound
MW (g/mol)
moles
Physical and Safety Data
Crude Phenanthrene
C14H10
178.23
1.005 g
0.005639
Bp: 340 °C(lit.)
Mp: 98-100 °C(lit.)
D=2.0g/mL. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin, eye and respiratory system. Irritant. White and shiny solid crystals
Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol),
C2H5OH
46.07
20 mL
15.8 g
0.3430
Bp: 78 °C(lit.)
Mp: −114 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.790 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Flammable liquid; irritant. Excess consumption on may lead to social consequences. Dispose as non-halogenated waste.
Water H2O
18.02
Several drops