The Boost Converter Optimization
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The Boost Converter
Edward Dy Jay Lee
Stevens Institute of Technology
SYS 655 – Robust Engineering Design
Spring 2009
Dr. Caroline Lubert
May 8, 2008
Table of Contents
1 Project Formulation
2 Definition of Ideal Function
2.1 Input Power
2.2 Output Power
2.3 Ideal Function Equation
3 S/N Ratio
4 Noise Factors
External
Internal
5 Noise Strategy
6 Control Factors
6.1 Duty Cycle
6.2 Frequency
6.3 Inductance
6.4 Capacitance
7 Orthogonal Array
8 Optimization Experiment
9 Data Analysis
10 Prediction and Verification
10.1 Prediction
10.2 Verification
11 References
List of Figures
Figure 1: PSPICE Schematic of a Boost Converter
Figure 2: P-Diagram of the System
Figure 3: Duty Cycle Factor Effect
Figure 4: Frequency Factor Effect
Figure 5: Inductance Factor Effect
Figure 6: Capacitance Factor Effect
List of Tables
Table 1: Boost Convert Noise Factor
Table 2: L9 Orthogonal Array
Table 3: Control Factors & Levels
Table 4: Parameter Optimization Experiment Results
Table 5: Verification Test Results
1 Project Formulation
With the rapid advancement of computer and electronics technology in the past few decades, a vast number of newer electronic devices have been developed that required different input voltages to function properly. Engineers started to develop new power supply designs that would be able convert AC voltage to DC voltage as well as convert DC voltages to a higher or lower DC voltage, called DC/DC converters. One such example of a DC/DC converter is the Boost Converter.
The basic function of a boost converter allows a lower DC input voltage to be stepped up to a higher DC voltage. Laws of physics dictate that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. So in the case of the boost converter, the higher DC voltage that is produced by the system means the output current will be lower than the input current. The focus of this design optimization will be the efficiency of the boost converters power transformation. Efficiency is the most important function of a power supply. Any engineer can create a crude electronic design that can step up or lower a voltage, but the efficiency will not be tolerable. The loss in power will result in poor quality and financial loss for the customer.
Figure 1: PSPICE Schematic of a Boost Converter
Input power and output power is calculated by the formula: Power = Voltage x Current. The power is measured in Watts. The focus of the design optimization will be to maximize the output power so the efficiency of the power supply can be maximized as well. Robust Engineering techniques will be utilized to find the optimum design for the boost converter. The ideal function, control factors, noise, S/N ratio will be discussed in the design optimization. Then the orthogonal array experiment via PSPICE simulation will be conducted. The results of the experiments will be then analyzed and discussed that will lead to a prediction of the optimum design for the boost converter. The optimum design will be then tested to verify the results.
2 Definition of Ideal Function
Ideally, power transmission and power transformation should be one hundred percent efficient. The input power that is applied to the boost converter is fully transmitted and transformed to the converters output. There are no losses in energy and therefore there is no quality loss on the system.
Power (in) = Power (out)
2.1 Input Power
The total power applied at the input can be measured by using the P=V*I formula. Basically, the voltage (V) is the DC voltage that is supplied by V1 in the schematic and current (I) is the current that is being drawn from V1. After running the circuits simulation, the applied current can be measured and multiplied with the input voltage to attain the input power applied to the converter.
2.2 Output Power
The output power will be measured from the load resistor (R1) of the circuit. The load resistor acts as an electronic device that is being powered by the boost converter. By measuring the voltage applied at R1, the current can be attained by using Ohms law: V = I*R. PSPICE will also allow us to directly measure the current running through the load resistor and the output power can be then calculated.
2.3 Ideal Function Equation
The equation for the ideal function is the formula used to measure power efficiency.
Y = Pout/Pin
In the ideal case, the output power is equal to the input power. However, attaining one hundred percent efficiency in a power supply system is not realistic. There are noises that act