Uoft Music 204
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Lecture 1Bach Werk-Verzeichnis (BWV)Catalogue number/Index to Bach’s worksHarpsichord        Stringed keyboard instrumentPartitaMeans variations or Greek style suiteHomophonicIn Greek, it means “same-sounding”Melodies move in step with one anotherContrapuntalDescribes counterpointCombination of simultaneously sounding musical lines Binary formA kind of structure where two sections of music are repeated one after the otherAABBSpinning out melodyWalking bassA type of bass line which moves continuously and with purposeful regularity, steadily With contrasting, usually longer note values to those in the upper partsSequenceRepeat of music in a different pitchLecture 2Allemande (duple metre)Continuous motionCorrente (triple metre)Motion in running scalesSarabande (triple metre)Stately, accent on the second beatMinuets I and II (triple metre)Elegant Gigue (duple metre, triple rhythms)Lively, imitative Lecture 3concerto interplay between a small group of solo and a large group ripieno, creating instrumental dialogueharpsichord player for the basso continuo FSFRitornello: constantly returns, begins in tonic key, might modulate but eventually returns to home keyEpisodes: by solo instruments, contrasting material to ritornellosolo concerto: full orchestra with a single soloistconcerto grosso full orchestra and small group of soloistconcertinothe group of soloist in a concerto grosso, playing the solo sectionripienothe group of orchestral players in a concerto grosso, playing the tutti sectionritornellothe returning/repeat section, played by tuttiepisodesections that alternate with ritornello, played by soloistsfuguea contrapuntal compositionafter exposition of the subject, episodes (connective passages) keep spinning out often also contains a counter-subjectmultiple partsfugal expositionthe first voice that enters accompanied bringing in the principal theme, i.e. the subject, of the fugue, then joined by other voicesbasso continuothe bass line of baroque music which contains figured bassupper melody is improvised from the figured basses“il prete rosso”“the red haired priest”, refers to Antonio Vivaldi Ospedale della Pietà A residential school for orphaned girls and young women in Venice, where Vivaldi was appointed director of musicCombines basic education with religious training and placed a strong emphasis on musicFrench overture style (ouverture)Solemn introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorioOrchestral music designed to precede a full-length dramatic workMay or may not come to a full close before the drama begins1) Slow and grand2) Dotted rhythms ** important- comes out like a jagged pattern
3) FlourishesLecture 4ChoraleThe congregational hymn of the German Protestant church serviceBoth text and melodyCantataA work for one or more voices with instrumental accompanimentConsists of succession of contrasting sections, i.e. arias and recitativecantus firmus texturePre-existing melody as the basis of new polyphonic compositionImitationRepetition of melodic contour of one part by another, often at a different pitchRecitative – secco (dry) or accompagnato (accompanied)Vocal music mimicking dramatic speech, free in rhythm (according to changing meanings of the text)A feature of cantatas Used to carry the plot forwardDry recitative/recitativo secco: only accompanied by bass lineAccompanied recitative/recitativo accompagnato: accompanied by orchestra (basso continuo), declamatory (expressing feelings and opinions)AriaLyrical solo voice piece with or without instrumental accompaniment During aria, the movements of opera stopTime to explore the emotion created by the storyUsually accompanied by full orchestraTernary formmajor modeminor modeCantional styleCollection of hymn or choralesBar formAAB formLecture 5Modulationchange of keyObbligatomusic written out in full instead of improvised from figured bassCadenzapassage near the end of a concerto movement or ariaimprovised or written outdecorated cadencetonic, dominantmotive (motif?)short musical idea, subdivision of a theme or phraseConcerto: a musical composition for a solo instrument or solo instruments with an accompanying orchestraConcerto Grosso: a composition that involves an orchestra that embodies the concept of contrasting musical bodies whereby the soloist(s) is/are highlighted and the orchestra is contextual. The soloists are one group (concertino) and the orchestra another (ripieno).