Physics Formula
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Physics Equation List :Form 4
Introduction to Physics
Relative Deviation
Relative Deviation = Mean Deviation ×100% Mean Value
Prefixes Prefixes Tera Giga Mega Kilo deci centi milli micro nano pico Units for Area and Volume 1 m = 102 cm 1 m = 10 cm
2 4 2
Value 1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 0.000 000 000 001
Standard form 1012 109 106 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12
Symbol T G M k d c m μ n p
(100 cm) (10,000 cm ) (1,000,000 cm3)
= 10-2 m
1 m) 100
1 m3 = 106 cm3
1 cm2 = 10-4 m2
1 m2 ) 10,000 1 m3 ) 1,000,000
1 cm3 = 10-6 m3
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Average Speed
Force and Motion
Average Speed = Total Distance Total Time
Velocity
v= s t
Acceleration
v = velocity s = displacement t = time
(ms-1) (m) (s)
v−u t
a = acceleration v = final velocity u = initial velocity t =time for the velocity change
(ms-2) (ms-1) (ms-1) (s)
Equation of Linear Motion
Linear Motion
Motion with constant velocity
Motion with constant acceleration
Motion with changing acceleration
v = u + at 1 s = (u + v)t 2
Using Calculus (In Additional Mathematics Syllabus)
1 s = ut + at 2 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
u = initial velocity v = final velocity a = acceleration s = displacement t = time (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-2) (m) (s)
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Ticker Tape
Finding Velocity:
velocity =
s number of ticks × 0.02s
1 tick = 0.02s
Finding Acceleration:
v−u a= t
a = acceleration v = final velocity u = initial velocity t = time for the velocity change (ms-2) (ms-1) (ms-1) (s)
Graph of Motion Gradient of a Graph The gradient m of a line segment between two points and is defined as follows: Gradient, m = or m= Δy Δx Change in y coordinate, Δy Change in x coordinate, Δx
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Displacement-Time Graph Velocity-Time Graph
Gradient = Velocity (ms-1)
Gradient = Acceleration (ms-2) Area in between Displacement the graph and x-axis =
Momentum
p = m×v
p = momentum m = mass v = velocity
(kg ms-1) (kg) (ms-1)
Principle of Conservation of Momentum
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
m1 = mass of object 1 m2 = mass of object 2 u1 = initial velocity of object 1 u2 = initial velocity of object 2 v1 = final velocity of object 1 v2 = final velocity of object 2 Newtons Law of Motion Newtons First Law In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in motion with a constant velocity (that is, with a constant speed in a straight line). (kg) (kg) (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-1)
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Newtons Second Law
mv − mu Fα t
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction. F = Net Force m = mass a = acceleration (N or kgms-2) (kg) (ms-2)
F = ma
Implication When there is resultant force acting on an object, the object will accelerate (moving faster, moving slower or change direction). Newtons Third Law Newtons third law of motion states that for every force, there is a reaction force with the same magnitude but in the opposite direction. Impulse
Impulse = Ft
F = force t = time m = mass v = final velocity u = initial velocity
(N) (s) (kg) (ms-1) (ms-1)
Impulse