Top Ten Most Progressive American ArtistsTop Ten Most Progressive American ArtistsTOP TEN MOST PROGRESSIVE AMERICAN ARTISTSThe artists are not ranked according to influence or fame, they are simply listed chronologically, which I feel is the best way to exhibit the trends that they created. At first, I had intended to explain how each artist influenced the American culture, but upon beginning my research I found that sometimes it is the artist who influences the country, and sometimes it is the country that influences the artist, making it difficult to take a solid position, or develop effective criteria. I also found that there is so much overlap of influence from one artist to another that it would be extremely difficult to say one had any less or more influence than the other.
Often in my reading, the descriptions of the artists included the term “abstract-expressionism” . I tried to ignore it, but as I progressed the word was becoming nearly ubiquitous. (good word huh?) This is a brief background on “abstract-expressionism”-
During and after world war II many European artists fled Europe and headed to America for safety, their presence heralded one of the most progressive artistic movements in history. Its difficult to gauge how much they actually did influence American art, but its clear that in the 40’s and 50s American artists became internationally important (as never before) with their new visions and artistic vocabulary. This was given the title of abstract-expressionism. However, not all of the works by the artists that are categorized under the title were abstract, nor were they all expressive. What the artists and their works held in common was their morally loaded themes, heavy and tragic, often on grandiose scales. They felt uncomfortable with traditional and conventional subjects and styles. The abstract-expressionistic movement lead directly to the formation of the pop art movement, which essentially glorified commercial art, through advertising, comic strips, cartoons, and the growing obsession with celebrity.
Albert Bierstadt 1830-1902 – Born in Solingen Germany he came to America as an infant with his parents. Over the course of his life he became famous for his huge panoramic landscapes of the American west, which were wildly popular following the years after the civil war. Bierstadt’s vision of the unspoiled west helped to shape the nations ideas about the region, and encouraged settlement. He created paintings so large that they couldn’t hang in ordinary homes, they brought the highest prices ever paid to an American painter at that time.
James Whistler 1834-1903 – Whistler was an important painter of American landscapes and portraits. His style led the way for the emergence of completely abstract painting in the next several generations. He was born in Lowell Massachusetts, but moved to Russia for several years where he attended the Fine Arts Academy of Saint Petersburg. He was a strong believer in art for arts sake, he did not believe in the popular European notion that art should be morally uplifting, but rather that the pursuit of the beautiful was more important than anything else, this helped to inspire something known as the aesthetic movement. The older he got the more abstract his work became, and the more it was disliked by critics.
Winslow Homer 1836-1910 – Largely self taught, he developed his own naturalistic style that ranged in subject from civil war scenes to children playing to seascapes. Born in Boston he began his career as an apprentice to a lithographer. He did mainly commercial artwork – which he hated- including covers for sheet music, playing cards, posters, and portraits of the Massachusetts state senate. After his apprenticeship he set up a studio and began freelancing- doing work for Harpers Weekly and Ballou’s Pictorial. He received a commission to travel to Washington and draw scenes of Lincolns inauguration., and to cover pictorially the civil war in Virginia. He did drawings of battles at Yorktown and Chicahominy, as well as camp scenes and army life.
Mary Cassatt 1844-1926- Cassatt was one of the only women, and the only American, male or female, invited to exhibit with the impressionists in France. She became famous for her paintings of women and children. Born in Pennsylvania, she became inspired to learn art when her family moved to Paris at the age of six. however she didn’t begin instruction until returning home. For four years she drew from life and copied pictures in Philadelphia’s academy collection. This was exactly the same kind of classical training that Claude Monet, Edgar degas and other artist were undertaking in France. She was one of the few American artists of her day that admired the impressionists, who were then considered radical and outrageous. As she became friends with the impressionists her style changed to adapt. She adopted their techniques,
The Artist: Jules de Sade, 1824 – 1849
» Jules de Sade was one of the first modern, free-spirited young Americans of the 19th century by the time she was fourteen or fifteen. By her early twenties and thirties she had become friends with the impressionists, who now were often seen as some of the most progressive Americans of the 1900’s. She became more and more determined to follow them and found a place with them at a museum at the French capital. For her early paintings, she painted small pieces at a fixed time and took inspiration from the first of the style’s influences as well as from new works she found that were more traditional or less contemporary. Although she soon came to love the new artistic method of her generation, she had been a complete mess throughout; she took a break from her work and went by herself to the street painting on the beach.
Jules de Sade became fascinated with women in America and in her paintings went the whole way. Her subjects were children and they were the most visible and familiar of all of her subjects. They had become her very visible subjects. Her first work, entitled The Unnatural and the Nature of Women and Children, was a single-minded canvasser but as early as 1842, she was inspired by the photographs of children in the children’s section at the Bancroft children’s school and by others to develop the idea of women in America because as a young painter she realized the need to convey her own personal story through paintings. After all, the art world was a collection of different cultures. There were women.
In 1847, Charles W. Clark published The Man of the Universe, one of the earliest images of a woman on the cover of Harper’s and Collins in the United States. Jules de Sade described her work as “in her body, very natural and very beautiful”. Though it is the only depiction of a woman on the cover which was ever painted, it is also the only depiction of a woman. Her works have become one of the most influential examples of contemporary American artistic achievement. Some observers have pointed to it as one of the most important American examples of American art.
Jules de Sade, 1848 – 1864
When Jules de Sade discovered the nature of women in America, she painted the first portrait of a woman in the history of the country. She was the first woman with a work in a prominent contemporary American art gallery. She became a professional and influential artist who began to communicate with the impressionists who were often visiting. Jules de Sade painted more and more of American popular works. She began to admire and appreciate the artists and to develop both the female figure in his works at the time. Although she felt that painting had no inherent moral value, she also saw the potential for good. For Jules de Sade she found it necessary to engage in art and to experiment. She became one of the most successful art curators in the early twentieth century. She eventually became a well-known advocate for American artists who were more or less radicalizing. In 1898 Jean Marie Fournay was appointed as the first American to lead the first American in the history of