Essay In Organisational Communication
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1. Unethical organisational behaviour has become a recurring theme in corporate life. How can organisations understand and address this trend? Incorporate a discussion on organisational rhetoric and corporate responsibility in your answer?
INTRODUCTION
In spite of the trend for organisations to adhere to corporate social responsibility, unethical behaviour remains a continual feature of the modern day workplace. Unethical behaviour is an important topic for consideration as suggested by Crane & Matten (2004, pp.13), whereby “business malpractices have the potential to inflict enormous harm on individuals, on communities and on the environment”. This essay analyses the foundation for the continued occurrence of ethical infractions within the organisation and how these occurrences can be understood and countered by management. The essay will also incorporate a discussion on organisational rhetoric and corporate responsibility within the workplace. To understand the true meaning of corporate responsibility, there must first be an understanding of how organisations incorporate ethical behaviour throughout all levels.
UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR
The ethical debate has become an important issue for modern organisations as they face the inherent conflicts between the goals of profit maximisation and social responsibility, Vickers (2005, pp. 26-32). Ethics have been described as a set of moral principles or values of people or society, which informs them of what is good and bad, right and wrong, and which influence how people act and behave. Petrick and Quinn (1997, pp. 89) suggest that ethics is the study of individual and collective moral awareness, judgement, character and conduct, and argue it involves taking one step back in order to reflect on these underlying principles, decisions and problems. Ethics can also be described as a set of standards of behaviour which must be applied to a particular profession, Francis (2000, pp. 276).
Management within an organisation can conceptualise the meaning and application of ethics within the workplace, however, there are many ethical dilemmas that may arise as a result. These include sensitive issues arising during recruitment, hiring, training, compensation, promotion, job assignment, job classification, counselling, rehabilitation, substance abuse monitoring, discipline,benefits, terminations or layoffs, or retirement, Danley, Harrick, Schaefer, Strickland, & Sullivan (1996, pp. 273-285). They must also deal with issues associated with affirmative action, health and safety, and harassment (Danley et al. 1996).
Organisations must also contend with ethical dilemmas including favouritism in employment decisions, inconsistency in pay and discipline, sexual harassment, sex and race discrimination, and breaches of confidentiality (SHRM/CCH 1991). In dealing with these issues, management can make decisions within their own interests, those of the organisation and decisions that they believe are inherently ethical.
The global business community is abounding with examples of unethical practices, which have resulted in corporate collapses of organisations such as Enron, Worldcom, and Onetel in Australia. Wileys (1998, pp. 147-161) research found that management can play distinct roles in ethical situations, which include advisory, monitory, educator, advocate, investigative, questioning, organisational and finally modelling type roles. Taking on these roles and communicating them effectively may have played a part in preventing such collapses. However, for management to be credible to take on these ethical roles within organisations, they must make decisions in an ethical way.
Unethical behaviour can be minimised within the organisation by instituting a code of ethics whereby all employees from higher level management down abide from. A code of ethics is concerned with what is good and bad and right and wrong in the organisations decision-making, and often does reflect senior managements attempts to mould the culture of the organisation. Therefore, if workers see that management are behaving in an unethical manner, perhaps by artificially inflating revenue figures by in appropriate revenue recognition policies, then workers ultimately end up following their lead. Before long the entire organisation is producing below potential and inefficiency can sneak in to the organisation.
Ethical codes can be considered within the context of an organisations culture. Ethics, through beliefs and values, forms the basis of an organisations “basic assumptions”, which in turn form the building blocks of organisational behaviour. Values and beliefs are part of the cognitive sub-structure of an organisational culture. Values are intimately connected with moral and ethical codes, and determine what people think ought to be done. For example, individuals and organisations that value honesty, integrity and openness, consider that they should act honestly, openly and with integrity because that is considered the right thing to do.
An organisation has a number of methods to quell unethical behaviour within the workplace. One of these methods is to provide adequate ethics training to all employees at the commencement of the working year. In doing this, the correct ethical guidelines are communicated throughout all levels of a business. It has also been argued that there is a need for ethics training within the organisation to encourage empathy to others and improve ethical decision making, McPhail (2001, pp. 279-298).
Another method of maintaining the ethical integrity of a company is to establish a statement of organizational values. This can provide employees–and the company as a whole–with a specific framework of expected behaviour. Such statements offer employees, business associates, and the larger community alike a consistent portrait of the companys operating principles–why it exists, what it believes, and how it intends to act to make sure that its activities correspond with its professed beliefs.
Active reviews of strategic plans and objectives can also be undertaken to make certain that they are not in conflict with the companys basic ethical standards. In addition, business owners and managers should review standard operating procedures and performance measurements within the company to ensure that they are not structured in a way that encourages unethical behaviour.
The organisation can also address unethical behaviour by providing the necessary framework for all employees within the organisation to be able to confide with an external and more importantly,