Essay About Computer’S Memory And Information Technology Peter Drucker

It – Communication and Technology
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Peter drucker : “ he defined the knowledge worker, an individual who is well educated and who creates, modifies and synthesizes knowledge as fundamental part of work”Information and knowledge are now important as labor, land and capital resources. Data : raw, unformatted elements Information : is a data transformed to have a meaning knowledge :  ability to understand information, form opinions and make decisions or predictions ICT is a support for information society. Information and Communication technology have enabled the information of our society into the so-called Information society. Digital format: Bit ( binary digit ) = it’s the smallest unit of information that is held in a computer’s memory. It’s either 0 or 1. Byte = 8 bits represent a byte Digitizing —> any input the computer receives is translated into binary code ASCII = encloses 128 bytes (extended version includes 256 bytes) UNICODE = it uses 2 bytes (16 bits) for each character. Digital convergence : is the flow of contents across multiple media platforms, the cooperation between multiple media industries …”—> So you can have different objects/actions that can be represented through the same (digital) way. Risk : information overload. “getting information from internet it’s like taking a drink from an hydrant “L2Information system: combination of six key elements:people processes data hardware software telecommunication networks Information system is divided into 3 different levels: executive level managerial level operational level 3. Operational Level = day to day business processes interaction with customers decisions are structured, recurring and often automatized by IS IS used to: optimize processes and understand causes of performance  automate routine and repetitive activities 2. managerial level = managersit is used in order to: Automate the monitoring and controlling of operational activities manager’s decisions : semistructured, moderately complex and medium long time horizon IS can help with: performance analytics predictive analysis providing key performance indicators KPI 1. Executive level =the president, CEO, vice president and board of directorsdecisions are : unstructured , long-term strategic issues, complex and non routine problems IS is used to: obtain summaries of trends and projects, and provide KPIexecutive support systems ESS decision support systems DSS transaction processing systems TPSMajor task of IS Automating : doing faster Organizational : doing better Strategy : doing smarter Organizations use IS in order to : be more efficient, productive and profitable gain competitive advantages reach more customersimprove services for their customer L3 Types of computer: 1.Supercomputer most expensive and powerful large as multiple rooms assisting solving massive scientific problems 2.Mainframe  very large computer it’s present big corporation or public administration can be a server 3.Workstation offers lower performance than a mainframe but greater than a microcomputer it’s useful for activities as engineering or design 4.Microcomputer you can use it for a reduced range of activities it is a personal computer The IS infrastructure INPUT : enter data into a computer PROCESSING : transforms input into output OUTPUT :deliver informations to users STORING : store informations and datasTRANSMITTING : exchange informations and datas Hardware : refers to the physical parts of a computer system Software : refers to the intangible part of a computer system1.Input technologies: keyboard mouse webcam microphone scanner barcode (you can use it to have a faster payment or faster procedures )QR code (an evolution of barcode, it is used by marketing and advertisements)RFID (radio frequency identification : is a chip that is inserted into products, that thanks to a particular reader, can catches all the information stored) 2.Processing The Central Unit is made by :                 CPU (central processing unit)                                                                                         RAM (random access memory) CPU :  main component of a computer (brain) made by silicon there are some transistors that processes bits is the responsible of all the computer’s processes Moore’s Law : First CPU had 2,200 transistors, nowadays there are more than 2 millions RAM : it’s a temporary memory and it supports actions of computers primary storage the idea is to have a memory which support the work of CPU3. Output technologies monitors of computers touch screen 4. Storing it’s a secondary storage memory , you can save your datas using there devices floppy disk, hard disk , cd , dvd , flash memory cloud computing , is a new idea for storing informations and also using software 5. Transmitting thanks to the communication networks How a computer works (software) : System software : Collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer’s hardware coordinates interactions between hardware,software and users Main component it’s represented by operating system, then you have Utility and Driver Operating system : useful for coordinates operationsit controls CPU it manages files it manages tasks it supports application software it defines the interface Utility software : can support the activities of users, when there are technical problems Drivers : are all the software that allow to use input and output technologies 2. Application software : Allows you to perform a specific activity (our computer can work without these app.soft. but not without system software)