Absentees in the Workplace
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UNIT OFDATA OBSERVATIONSUMMARY
The unit of observations were random samples of twenty-five various employees divided into two distinct, independent populations, smokers and non-smokers. Then data on their absences from work for the previous year were obtained and used in this statistical inference. Because of a strong association between smoking and ill-health, it is generally accepted that smokers miss more work than their non-smoking counterparts. Does the smoker miss more work than the non-smoker? Data from these random samples were used to draw a conclusionÐ.
SMOKERSDATA **VERSUS**DEFINITION NON-SMOKERSTABLE
Unit of Observation: Smoking and Non-Smoking Employees
Variable Name:
Definition:
Unit of Measurement:
Data Source:
Smoker
Employee
Days Absent in Past Year
Smokes
July 11, 2000
Non-Smoker
Employee Does
Days Absent in Past Year
NOT Smoke
July 11, 2000
RANDOMDATA SAMPLESLISTING
Smokers:
Absentees:
Non-Smokers:
Absentees:
Employee 1
Employee 1
Employee 2
Employee 2
Employee 3
Employee 3
Employee 4
Employee 4
Employee 5
Employee 5
Employee 6
Employee 6
Employee 7
Employee 7
Employee 8
Employee 8
Employee 9
Employee 9
Employee 10
Employee 10
Employee 11
Employee 11
Employee 12
Employee 12
Employee 13
Employee 13
Employee 14
Employee 14
Employee 15
Employee 15
Employee 16
Employee 16
Employee 17
Employee 17
Employee 18
Employee 18
Employee 19
Employee 19
Employee 20
Employee 20
Employee 21
Employee 21
Employee 22
Employee 22
Employee 23
Employee 23
Employee 24
Employee 24
Employee 25
Employee 25
Mean:
Mean:
Standard Deviation:
6.110100927
Standard Deviation:
4.352011029
Variances:
37.33333333
Variances:
18.94
SOURCE:
STATISTICAL ANALYSISOUTPUT
F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
Smokers
Non-Smokers
Standard Deviation
6.110100927
4.352011029
Variance
37.33333333
18.94
Observations
1.971136924
P(F<=f) one-tail
0.051571253
F Critical one-tail
1.983757159
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Smokers
Non-Smokers
Variance
37.33333333
18.94
Observations
Pooled Variance
28.13666667
Hypothesized Mean Difference
t Stat
1.892940764
P(T<=t) one-tail
0.032201762
t Critical one-tail
1.677224191
P(T<=t) two-tail
0.064403523
t Critical two-tail
2.01063358