Essay About Aboriginal Proof And Aboriginal Peoples

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Essay 1Educational system School (Residential Schools)Two primary objectives and idea: assumption that their own civilization was the pinnacle of human achievementinterpreted the socio-cultural differences between Aboriginal proof that Canada’s first inhabitants were ignorant, savage, and—like children—in need of guidanceThey felt the need to “civilize” the Aboriginal peoples. Education—a federal responsibility—became the primary means to this end.remove and isolate children from the influence of their homes, families, traditions and culturesassimilate them into the dominant culture.based on the assumption Aboriginal cultures and spiritual beliefs were inferior and unequal.forcibly separated children from their families for extended periods of time forbade them to acknowledge their Aboriginal heritage and culture (speak their own languages)punished if strict rules were broken — horrendous abuse from staffphysical, sexual, emotional, and psychological.Provided students an inferior educationonly up to grade fivefocused on training students for manual labour in agriculture, light industry woodworking, domestic work (laundry work and sewing)systematically undermined Aboriginal culture across Canada disrupted families for generationssevering the ties through which Aboriginal culture is taught and sustainedcontributing to a general loss of language and cultureBecause removed from their familiesgrew up without experiencing a nurturing family life without the knowledge and skills to raise own families devastating effects of the schoolsfar-reaching and continue to have significant impact on Aboriginal communities. Because the government’s and the churchs’ intent was to eradicate all aspects of Aboriginal culture in these young peopleinterrupt its transmission from one generation to the nextconsidered a form of cultural genocide.The last residential school did not close its doors until 1986.Language (affect)60 or more Aboriginal languages in Canada are considered endangered —- varying degrees for long-term survival. 213,490 people reported an Aboriginal mother tongue in the 2011 Census of Population. The Cree languages, Inuktitut and Ojibway were the most frequently reported Aboriginal languages.According to the 2011 NHS — one in six Aboriginal people can conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language. More than 52,000 Aboriginal people were able to converse in an Aboriginal language different from their mother tongue, suggesting that these individuals acquired an Aboriginal language as a second language. Another data sources — the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.Education (in result)In 2011, half (51%) of Aboriginal women aged 25 to 64 had a postsecondary qualification, including 9% with a trades certificate, 25% with a college diploma, 4% with a university certificate or diploma below the bachelor level12% with a university degreeNear 2 times lower than Non-aboriginal identity women.In native familylaid the foundation for the epidemic (high incidence of domestic violence)domestic abuse and violence against Aboriginal women and childrenperpetuating the cycle of abusedysfunction over generationslack adequate parenting skills having only experienced abuse — turn abuse to family memberssense of worthlessness — instilled in students —system contributed — extremely low self-esteemself-abuse, resulting in high rates of alcoholism, substance abuse, and suicide (result)number one cause of death, almost 40 percent of mortalitieswomen attempt suicide eight times more, men attempt suicide five times more discrimination from both societies —– difficult to obtain education and skillsmistrust of education in general, difficult for Aboriginal communities and individuals to break the cycle of povertyEssay 2ServicesLiving conditionsPikangikum is a lack of powermain generator now is  eight years past its expected 10-year lifespan broke down earlier in February of 2016 Fire response. A 2010 federal study — people living on First Nations reserves —10 times more likely to die in a fire VS the rest of Canada. 80% of the reserve’s homes without wastewater systems or running watercommunity of 2,400 had just over 3,600 lockupsnearly 5,000 calls for service to police in 2011. In 2006, the Northwestern Health Unit — study on Pikangikum’s sewage and drinking water systemsillnesses such as gastrointestinal, skin and urinary tract infections — more prevalent there than —–in other First Nation and non-aboriginal communities due to lack of safe water. The housing supply has also tightened into a crisis,as the population grows by 100 people each year with few prospects for new builds16 people share a small homerequiring some families to sleep in shifts.Health IssuesThe Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) 48% of Aboriginal women aged 15 and over (excluding those living on reserve) rated good in 2012. half (51%) of Métis women, 45% of First Nations women living off reserve, and 41% of Inuit women.Aboriginal women VS men aged 15 and over 48% versus 53%.  smaller than the percentage of non-Aboriginal women (64%), according to the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2012).In 2012, Aboriginal females aged 15 to 19 VS non-Aboriginal counterparts8 percentage points (60% compared with 68%). aged 25 to 34, 16 percentage points 20 percentage points for those aged 55 to 64 years.Youth suicide rate:Three youth from Pikangikum recently died in the September of 2016a 13-year-old girl, along with a young man and woman, both 18. Community of roughly 2,400 had a suicide rate equivalent 250 per 100,000, nearly 20 times that of Canada, far and away the highest in the world. Disputes relating to Indigenous peoples should not be criminalizedespecially through anti-terrorism legislation. Indigenous peoples are human rights defenders and our issues often include environmental, natural resource development and other essential concerns.in Quebec, the James Bay Crees continue to oppose uranium mining, but such democratic protest is fully accepted by the provincial government. We are not being criminalized or spied upon. Bill C-51 could change this.promotes harmonious and cooperative relations between states and Indigenous peoples. It affirms our right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct peoples and our right to our lands, territories and resources.Inukshuk“In the likeness of a human” in InuitSomeone was here or you are on the right pathused by the Inuit, Inupiat, Kalaallit, Yupik, and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America. found from Alaska to Greenland. Used to: navigation or direction aids, mark a place of respect or memorial for a be loved personIndicated migration routes or place can find fishTotem Polefrom the Algonquian word odoodem “kinship group”. symbolize characters and events of a myth relate the experiences of known ancestors or living peoplePacific Northwest coast of North America (northwestern United States and Canadas western province, such as British Columbia)Used to: Created to commemorate ones relatives or told the story of a memorable event, To honor a leader who had recently died.There six kind of totem pole.Wampum beltFrom Narragansett “String of white shell beads”Shell are collected and traded for fur and food.Patterns =different treaties, alliances and relation.Status vs Non status Indian“Status” a legal recognition of a person’s first nations heritage, affords certain rights.Non status Indian: Matis and Inuit, April 14 2016, supreme court changed the legal definition of “indian” include Métis and Non status Indian.First Nation vs Métis vs InuitFirst Nations describe Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are not Métis or Inuit.status or treaty Indians registered with their home reserve, band or community.Métis mixed European and Indigenous ancestryone of the three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada.originated largely in Western Canada emerged as a political force in the 19th centuryradiating outwards from the Red River Settlement. Inuit”the people” inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and AlaskaAboriginal peoples in Canada and Greenland view “Eskimo” as pejorativenot included under either the First Nations or the MétisCanadian Arctic and subarctic in the territory of Nunavut; Quebec; Labrador; and in various parts of the Northwest Territories, particularly around the Arctic OceanRoyal Proclamation 1763 vs The Indian Act 1876Royal Proclamation 1763“Indian Magna Carta” — no laws to overrule itBy King George 3 claim the land british won after the 7 years warExist until native people give up their landDespite argument, aboriginal people still have to fight titles for their landThe Indian Act 1876Eradicate first nations culture in favour of generalize and assimilation into Euro-Canadian societyOnly pertain to  First nation, not Matis or Inuit“Status” a legal recognition of a person’s first nations heritage, affords certain rights.Requires children to attend residential schoolMake religious ceremonies illegalAnimismBelief that objects, place and animals have spiritual qualities and souls separate from their material bodies.no separation between the spiritual and physical world6,968,135 of animist include 55 indigenous groupGlobalizationInteraction across national boundariesAffects many aspects of life: economically, socially, culturally and politically.PowwowsCelebrations that showcase aboriginal music, dance, dance apparel, food and craft.In 19th century, developed among the great plains tribeDuring summer weekend, 1-4 daysWay to honor a spiritual connection to their ancestorAssociated with religious, war parties, new or affirmed alliances and event by warrior societies.Song: North, high pitch. South, deep tone. Dance: Men, grass dance, northern traditional, southern straight. Women, jingle dress dance, buckskin or cloth dance.  Cloth : regaliaSun danceCultural ceremony for honour the sun, to proof bravery and overcome painVision quest, to find spiritual guidance, to discover purpose in lifeHorse-mounted, bison hunter in great plain in 18-19 centuryTime to renewal tribe, people and earthPotlatchA gift-giving feast in pacific Northwest coast of canadaMeaning richer the family the better the gift, up to 3  weeksMan with high ranking in society host the event, stopped 1885-1951Medicine wheelSacred hoop, for health and healing, moved clockwise sunwise“ Life is a circular journey, start from the eastSageCulinary herb, Smoke from white sage (Artemesia califoncia) is used for purification of mind for prayersWhite sage is burned for meditation, smudging and cleansing of spirit and dwelling. provide a barrier that prevents negative spirits from entering the room in which the ceremony is being held.Desert sage (Salvia apiana) medicinal attributesprotect cells from toxins and organisms in the environment that cause infections; antifungal, antiseptic and an astringent.Sweet grassNumbers of grass that possess sweet flavorMake it attractive to sweet smell for strewing or burningSmoke and prayer lead us to the world ancestor and creator resideTobaccoAssociated with birth rituals, courtship, marriage, death and person prayerSmoke is the pathway to the spirit world, burned in pipesDream catcherSmall hoop with horsehair mesh and feathers and beadsKept the bad dream, let good dream go through the centre circle and down the featherHealth issuebecause of the number of consanguineous marriages in Yakutia, including first-cousin unions, is rather high which increased probability of genetic disorders. It was found that among Natives living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the most prevalent diseases, on average, are digestive diseases, diseases of the genitourinary system, circulatory system diseases, diseases of the respiratory system and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. It is mostly due to the extreme conditions of the Russian north and the consanguineous marriages. This shows that in health care system, the Yakuts experienced the some level of medical treatment, but with a much lesser amount of doctor, nurse and hospital beds. Living conditionFamilies rely on outhouses and outdoor water pumps — inconvenient in the winter time.low quality housing and high costs of operation and maintenanceThe share of old and dilapidated housing stock over 11% in total of 3% in Russia, and the rate gets higher in the far east which is the poorest and semi-agrarian region.TransportationRailway transport is relatively new to the republic, but today ranks second by freight turnover, following waterborne transport. Sakha transports 70% of the freight into the region by river over a very short period of navigation.The main system of transportation in the republic is aviation.by truck is easier on the frozen roads in winter. Difficult transport infrastructure makes Sakhas economy vulnerable.