Essay About Absence Of Disease Of Infirmity And Health

Kp200 Introduction to Health Lecture 1 Notes
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[pic 1]Introduction to Health/Defining Health/Key TermsLecture 1 – Tuesday Jan 3 WHOCreatedWorld health organization was created April 7, 1948Objective Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health Defining Health 1947 “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity”1986 I.H.C expands the long time definition of health and includes the concept of health promotion The Ottawa Charter “In order to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore seen as a resource for everyday life… health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities”Types of Health Physical The extent to which our major body systems are physiologically working MentalPresence of mental/psychiatric conditions that may require institutional care, or limit our ability to function in society (Depression) Disease related Emotional Linked more to our feelings rather than our mental capacity (sadness) Reactions to situations (bereavement/divorce) Social A collective term that refers to populations rather than individuals – ability to form health relationships. /Pathology → population with undesirable characteristic (fear, anxiety, natural disaster) Intellectual Ability to process and act on information appropriately Crossing the roadSpiritual May include religious beliefs and practices, but also focuses on our relationship to other living things Environmental Refers to how; where you live and where you work/play can positively or negatively affect you How your surroundings can positively/negatively affect youOccupational Refers specifically to your employment and how it affects you Good job = happy worker = better lifestyle = better health Key Terms Acute Rapid onset Short course Usually treatable Examples → Broken leg, appendicitis, cold Chronic Slow onset Long duration Not usually treatable/ however it is curable Examples → alzheimers, cancer   Life Expectancy The number of years a person can be expected to live based on their years of birth *******************Varies slightly with each successive cohort Varies as s function of gender and place of residence Readings: The Ottawa Charter 1986“In order to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life…health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.” Lecture #2Morbidity and MortalityMorbidity State of being diseased (aka sick)The number of sick people or cases of disease in relationship to a specific population Number of cases/ population/ yearEx. SARs 100/ 100,000/ 2016MortalityState of being deadReported as rateRatio of number of deaths to a given live population x 100Number of deaths/ number alive x 100Incidence and prevalenceIncidenceThe number of NEW cases of a specific condition within a specific time period for a specific populationNEW CASESPrevalenceThe number of PRE-EXISTING cases of a condition, within a specific time period, for a population PRE-EXISTING Models of Health- how do we define our health?Over the centuries there has been many different theories that scientists and doctors have tried to understand what makes us healthy and what makes us sickThe prevailing theory for the majority of time has been the medical modelMore recently, that theory has given way to the public health modelMedical modelFocus is primarily on the personbiological/diseased organ perspectiveThe person is sick because he has cancer of the liverDon’t take into account other reasons why the person is sickPublic health modelAka ecological modelWhat makes us healthy (or unhealthy) is a result of how we interact with our social and physical environmentDisease prevention and health promotion are the two key elements that define the modelDisease prevention and health promotionDisease preventionReferred to preventative medicineEmphasizes the identification and management of early indicators of riskThe goal is to prevent illness, delay, onset, or lessen the severity Disease prevention is divided into three levelsPrimary preventionSecondary preventionTertiary preventionPrimary preventionAny intervention the PREVENTS a disease or condition from occurringPrevent or avoid risk factors for chronic diseasesSecondary preventionPut into place early after a condition has begun AND before significant impairments have occurredRelies on early diagnosisPrompt therapy to: shorten the duration of the illness; reduces the severity of illness; reduce the possibility of the disease becoming contagious; limit complicationTertiary preventionOnce the disease has developed this level involves efforts to avoid the development of complications or secondary chronic conditions Minimize the progression of a chronic disease once it has happened Involves rehabilitation and aggressive preventive measuresEx: physical and mental rehab for an individual; +/- immunization; minimizing exposure to situations where one may potentially come into contact with the disease Health promotion Educating people and developing skills to enable them to increase control over health and to improve health West Nile Virus commercials/ flyersSARSFlu shotPublic health departments The Canadian Health Care System Health -illness continuum ← Death—- illness—-health—- perfect health →