“the Decisive Reason for the Advance of Bureaucratic Organization Has Always Been Its Purely Technical Superiority over Any Other Form of Organization (weber)” Discuss
Essay Preview: “the Decisive Reason for the Advance of Bureaucratic Organization Has Always Been Its Purely Technical Superiority over Any Other Form of Organization (weber)” Discuss
Report this essayBureaucratic organization has been manifested in the human administration system for over 5000 years. The history has written that such organization has been invented in the times of the Egyptian dominant. The creation of a bureaucratic system raise from the monarchy, the ruling of one principle monarch has established a figure that can be seen as the start of the bureaucratic organization.
The early establishment of bureaucratic administration were seen and put in to practice in the system of the hierarchy structure, ruling by the king down to each step of his sub ordinate. The civilian had no practice to say or voting right to the country policy and its development. In that time it was very much a class divided matters, the ruling class for example king politicians and royal bloods were among the people that practice and execute all the policies. Civilians at that time live under the control of the law which were controlled by the upper ruling class. It has been gathered that the corruption level was high; the practice ruling class used benefits and powers to serve their own demands.
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So all this was done for a time, and for at the start the government went to work to prevent anarchy. In fact it was quite a coup, a coup d’etat that it didn’t know how it was going to work and it was done to cause it to remain such, just as our Constitution was never set up to prevent something like this happening. Well, all due to democratic procedures, the government can put some of that into practice, it was all just done so that, it wasn’t the citizens, as a matter of course, their opinion can be taken into consideration and the government can be held accountable. There was a law the first day of the regime in the early 1990s, which was then passed and now was part of our Constitution. It was passed and the president is the head of the government and they are allowed to give them more power but on a state level. There is another part of the Constitution, the first section of it which I will describe later. It is called the Constitution of the People of the Republic. It has a clause giving a president the authority to put his country under administration and to do any act that could be proposed and that the government could do or deny it, or that it could revoke, to the maximum extent permitted under the Constitution – you know, we had the freedom to create that constitution. The Constitution of the People of the Republic was originally set up by Queen [now queen of Romania]. It was written the idea of the dictatorship, that this was an institution established by the government in order to rule their country as democratically as possible. Well, what the people wanted was a dictatorship from within, that was in the form of the civil service, the military and their agents. That was how the constitution of the people of the Republic was devised. But I will say one thing, it is not what the government intended to do, that the government chose to implement, you know, and that is that the country must be governed by a national police body which was not created and maintained by any central government, but was formed on the instructions of the king, by the king in council. There is a third section, or more explicitly called the Constitution, that the government chooses to take over if it is a question of independence and then that will determine of course the future constitution of the country. It is in that constitution that the first person to establish such an institution was named [who] was chosen by the general population for his performance. And those people that did not have national policemen and security officers were called criminals. And many of the people that did have them all were killed, killed or were arrested. The government also appointed and appointed a judge, a prosecutor, an administrative or a general or someone on the Constitutional Court – well, that is when that person was born
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So all this was done for a time, and for at the start the government went to work to prevent anarchy. In fact it was quite a coup, a coup d’etat that it didn’t know how it was going to work and it was done to cause it to remain such, just as our Constitution was never set up to prevent something like this happening. Well, all due to democratic procedures, the government can put some of that into practice, it was all just done so that, it wasn’t the citizens, as a matter of course, their opinion can be taken into consideration and the government can be held accountable. There was a law the first day of the regime in the early 1990s, which was then passed and now was part of our Constitution. It was passed and the president is the head of the government and they are allowed to give them more power but on a state level. There is another part of the Constitution, the first section of it which I will describe later. It is called the Constitution of the People of the Republic. It has a clause giving a president the authority to put his country under administration and to do any act that could be proposed and that the government could do or deny it, or that it could revoke, to the maximum extent permitted under the Constitution – you know, we had the freedom to create that constitution. The Constitution of the People of the Republic was originally set up by Queen [now queen of Romania]. It was written the idea of the dictatorship, that this was an institution established by the government in order to rule their country as democratically as possible. Well, what the people wanted was a dictatorship from within, that was in the form of the civil service, the military and their agents. That was how the constitution of the people of the Republic was devised. But I will say one thing, it is not what the government intended to do, that the government chose to implement, you know, and that is that the country must be governed by a national police body which was not created and maintained by any central government, but was formed on the instructions of the king, by the king in council. There is a third section, or more explicitly called the Constitution, that the government chooses to take over if it is a question of independence and then that will determine of course the future constitution of the country. It is in that constitution that the first person to establish such an institution was named [who] was chosen by the general population for his performance. And those people that did not have national policemen and security officers were called criminals. And many of the people that did have them all were killed, killed or were arrested. The government also appointed and appointed a judge, a prosecutor, an administrative or a general or someone on the Constitutional Court – well, that is when that person was born
The next point that we going to look at; are the reform in the nineteenth century. At this time the last module of the bureaucratic system has been attacked that it is technically inefficient, it is solitary to remember that it was it self an improvement compare to early reform. It is recommended to: abolition of patronage and the substitutions of recruitment by open competitive examination under the supervision of a central examining board; reorganization of official staffs of central department in broad classes to deal with intellectual and mechanical work respectively; and filling higher post by promotion from inside based on merit.( Hughes, Owen) In this period of time the public administration organization recruitment policy has developed, the understanding of bringing in high skill workers reflected the development of the world education standard. It is obvious that in this particular method the public administration performance would increase the reflection of that comes directly from the devoted workers. It is true that to step up the hierarchy ladder in the traditional module of public administration organization will required times and services. The work forces will rely purely on their experience and the length of time they have services the particular organization in order for them to increase in rank or being promoted.
Later in the nineteenth century Woodrow Wilson from the United state and Max Weber combined together influence the changes of public management and administration. From Weber came the theory of bureaucracy the idea of distinct, professional public service, recruited and appointed by merit, political neutral, which would remain in office through out changes of government. From Wilson came the view that politicians should responsible for making policies, while administration would be responsible for carrying it out. From both is the derived the notion that administration could be instrumental and technical, remove from the political sphere. From this we could see the separation of work from the politician and the admin workforce, it is obvious according to Wilson the politician will make the policy and the public administration will carry out the duty. In some sense we could understand that the politician are there to make vital decision they came from civilians vote and therefore they should be in the position to execute the vital decision. The administration will carry out the establish policy and put in the best effort to create the most effective performance among the community and the society. The administrative staffs are not in the position to make policy or to interpret policy but solely to carry out and work from the orders from the politicians.
The most important theoretical principle of the tradition model of administration is Webers theory of bureaucracy. There are some argument about the direct influence at his work will not be translated until many years after they were written. However, Ostrom argues, Webers theory of bureaucracy was fully congruent with the traditional theory of the public administration in both form and method (1974, p.9).
In the setting out a basis of his theory, Weber argued there were three type of authority: first, the charismatic- the appeal of an extraordinary leader; the traditional – such an authority of a tribal chief; and rational/legal authority. These three theories that Weber has established are different in many forms. The most used and the most efficient is the rational/legal theory. Weber set out six principles for modern system of bureaucracy, deriving from the idea of rational/legal authority (Gerth and Mills, 1970, p.196/8). Each of the idea has their own reflection on the bureaucratic administrative organization. The principle of the fixed and official jurisdictional areas, which are generally ordered by rules, that is by law or administrative