Aftermath of End of Textile Quota Regime
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Business Environment
Project Report
Aftermath of End of Textile Quota Regime
DECEMBER 4, 2006
Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Historical Prespective
3 Systemic Implications Of The Atc Expiry
4 The Agreement To Phase Out Mfa Quotas
5 Slow Pace Of Implementation
6 Objectives Of Quantitative Restrictions
7 Concern World Over Before The End Of MFA
8 Changes In Textile Industry Just After Quota Abolition
9 India’s Position Vis A Vis Other Countries Before Mfa Abolition
10 India’s Performance Post Quota Abolition
11 Reasons For The Growth In Indian Export
12 The Way Ahead
1. Introduction
During the last two decades, textiles and clothing were the second most dynamic products in world trade after electronic and electrical goods. Developing countries contributed significantly to this growth, and this sector continues to play a vital role in their economies on account of inherent and evolving comparative advantage. It is one sector that offers good prospects for diversification away from traditional commodity exports, for entry into the area of manufactures, for absorption of large pools of labor, for crossing the great divide between the rural and urban sectors, and for generating foreign exchange. Also, the economic performance of the sector has important implications for socioeconomic issues such as equitable distribution of income, employment opportunities for women, development of small- and medium-scale enterprises, spillover to the informal sector, integration of remote regions into the global economy, promotion of rural development and poverty alleviation.
Moreover, in many developing countries, textiles production is linked to traditional and cultural heritage, which points to the importance of maintaining the economic sustainability of the sector as a source of comparative advantage and economic vitality. Considerations of benefits from trade cannot be divorced from the larger issue, namely that there is an encompassing development dimension to the integration of textiles and clothing into the normal rules of the trading system. Certainly, the freeing of the textiles and clothing exports of developing countries from 40 years of restrictions by major developed countries has significant positive implications for trade and development.
2. Historical Prespective
Restrictions on developing-country exports
Exports of textiles and clothing from developing countries were the subject of special discriminatory and restrictive measures involving quotas that, although initially intended as temporary relief measures in favor of developed-country industries, were in force for over 40 years. In 1962 a Long-Term Agreement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles (LTA) was signed, replacing the one-year Short-Term Agreement that existed at the time. The LTA was renewed several times until 1974, when it was replaced by the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA), which expanded its coverage to synthetic fibres and wool, thus affecting practically all fibres. While competitive developing countries gained an important share in the world trade of textiles and clothing, the full scope of opportunities for growth of their exports of these products was seriously constrained. The regime governed by the MFA lasted