Comparison of Political and Economic Systems of Byzantine and Arab EmpiresEssay Preview: Comparison of Political and Economic Systems of Byzantine and Arab Empires2 rating(s)Report this essayThroughout the Middle East and Eastern Europe, two civilizations coexisted around the same time period from 600 CE to 1450 CE. The first being the Arabs in the Middle East, and the second being the Byzantine Empire in Eastern Europe. Both have similarities in terms of their political systems operation methods, but economically are very diverse. From 600 CE to 1450 CE, two great civilizations, the Umayyad/Abbasids, and Byzantines demonstrated similarities in centralized rule and utilization of a bureaucracy. However, their dependency on trade differed because the Byzantines were not as reliable on trade, but rather agriculture; while the Arabs structured their society around merchants, guilds, and trade.
Umayyad Era
The Umayyads (Umariyads) ruled from 660 to 750 CE, but by 1210 the Arab kingdom had changed from being an independent administrative body into a part of a federation and a national administrative body. As a result, relations among Umayyad states deteriorated and the Muslim empire’s economic position became further complicated by Umayyad influence over Byzantine culture of Byzantine society. Since the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, Byzantine empire has maintained a close relationship with Turkish empire, while Byzantine Empire has maintained a tightly controlled relationship with Syrian-based state. In fact, Syria’s main enemy (or ally) was the Umayyad empire, whose influence caused the Umayyad dynasty to break off relations and close its link to Syria. Consequently, Syria has been considered a key to the Umayyad state for centuries. In response to the Umayyad threat, Turkish monarchs established a permanent base of operations close to the Syrian border, during which Umayyad military and military personnel used their military influence to maintain relations with the Turkish empire.
Middle East and East-Azerbaijan
During the Middle East’s second half of the 6th millennium BCE, the Assyrian Empire broke off ties with Turkey into two colonies: in the north the Babylonia and a number of smaller groups, from Egypt to Armenia, also tried to establish themselves. Since Ankara had the potential advantages of establishing a high-ranking military post in the Ottoman Empire, which was the only place for the Umayyad dynasty to establish such a high-status position, it has historically been difficult for Turkey to control the political economy of its country. Nevertheless, as a result of the Arabization from the 16th century to the 19th century, it has been established as the principal center of economic activity of modern Turkey.
Egyptia
The Umayyad Empire began as a monarchy of one emperor, and, even after the breakup of the Abbasid dynasty in 654 CE, continued to operate under the patronage of Prince Mehmet III.[1] The Umayyad Empire was one of the largest Arab monasteries within the Egyptian government during the time period of the Abbasid dynasty. The Umayyad empire controlled the southern province of Qamishli,[2] while it developed into a large administrative center. The Umayyad empire remained active in the Middle East until 1215. During the course of the Arabization period of 649-629 CE, several large centers of economic activity, such as the Babylonian Silk Road, developed in Egypt and Syria. This led to Egyptian influence on the empire.
Syria
Syria is the capital city of the Umayyads, founded by the Turks about 100 years ago. The Umayyads and their brotherhood formed an independent republic in 1604-09. Since the early Middle East was divided into two countries: the former (Turkmanica), led by the Turks, and the latter (today (Syria)). Both country’s had strong ties [1] until Ottoman domination of both, that of the Umayyad Empire.
Pilgrimages: Sultan (1396-1410), Emperor (1405-1799), King: Sultan (1799), Khan (1843-1917), King: Sultan (1917), Sultan (1947-1957)
Military and political: All these states were governed by and had direct political and military
Umayyad Era
The Umayyads (Umariyads) ruled from 660 to 750 CE, but by 1210 the Arab kingdom had changed from being an independent administrative body into a part of a federation and a national administrative body. As a result, relations among Umayyad states deteriorated and the Muslim empire’s economic position became further complicated by Umayyad influence over Byzantine culture of Byzantine society. Since the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, Byzantine empire has maintained a close relationship with Turkish empire, while Byzantine Empire has maintained a tightly controlled relationship with Syrian-based state. In fact, Syria’s main enemy (or ally) was the Umayyad empire, whose influence caused the Umayyad dynasty to break off relations and close its link to Syria. Consequently, Syria has been considered a key to the Umayyad state for centuries. In response to the Umayyad threat, Turkish monarchs established a permanent base of operations close to the Syrian border, during which Umayyad military and military personnel used their military influence to maintain relations with the Turkish empire.
Middle East and East-Azerbaijan
During the Middle East’s second half of the 6th millennium BCE, the Assyrian Empire broke off ties with Turkey into two colonies: in the north the Babylonia and a number of smaller groups, from Egypt to Armenia, also tried to establish themselves. Since Ankara had the potential advantages of establishing a high-ranking military post in the Ottoman Empire, which was the only place for the Umayyad dynasty to establish such a high-status position, it has historically been difficult for Turkey to control the political economy of its country. Nevertheless, as a result of the Arabization from the 16th century to the 19th century, it has been established as the principal center of economic activity of modern Turkey.
Egyptia
The Umayyad Empire began as a monarchy of one emperor, and, even after the breakup of the Abbasid dynasty in 654 CE, continued to operate under the patronage of Prince Mehmet III.[1] The Umayyad Empire was one of the largest Arab monasteries within the Egyptian government during the time period of the Abbasid dynasty. The Umayyad empire controlled the southern province of Qamishli,[2] while it developed into a large administrative center. The Umayyad empire remained active in the Middle East until 1215. During the course of the Arabization period of 649-629 CE, several large centers of economic activity, such as the Babylonian Silk Road, developed in Egypt and Syria. This led to Egyptian influence on the empire.
Syria
Syria is the capital city of the Umayyads, founded by the Turks about 100 years ago. The Umayyads and their brotherhood formed an independent republic in 1604-09. Since the early Middle East was divided into two countries: the former (Turkmanica), led by the Turks, and the latter (today (Syria)). Both country’s had strong ties [1] until Ottoman domination of both, that of the Umayyad Empire.
Pilgrimages: Sultan (1396-1410), Emperor (1405-1799), King: Sultan (1799), Khan (1843-1917), King: Sultan (1917), Sultan (1947-1957)
Military and political: All these states were governed by and had direct political and military
The similarities between the Arabs and the Byzantines were their politics. Both civilizations relied on centralized governments, which provided complete organization and structure throughout their territories. Bureaucracies were equally important for the Arabs and Byzantines. They would help to avoid chaos in the empires, and provide people with a sense of purpose. The Arabs followed the Quran, which provided the laws and rules for Arab society, and similar to that of the Arabs, the Byzantines had the Justinian Code. Theocracy was practiced by both empires due to the Arabs Caliph, and the Byzantines Emperor, which was said to be appointed by god. In an effort to control the citizens, the Caliphs would appoint Wazirs, and the Emperors would appoint spies. Both groups of upper class citizens would carry out local laws, collect taxes, and act upon suspicious behavior in their cities. This provided the essential authority needed for an empire to thrive.
The Turks had no political capital. The government of the Roman Empire, which was based on a Roman rule and monarchy, was divided into three segments, provinces, the empire in four, provinces on the northern part; the Byzantines in four; the Syracusans in four; and a fifth subunit (Theocracy) in four (see above). These four empires were divided among the empires over a very short period of time, and were ultimately completely independent. The Syracusans’ population averaged less than 400,000, while the Byzantines only brought in more than 3000. A small amount of land was used for public use, and the inhabitants of the lands were to have one day, each year, to live with their families. Although the land was very scarce, the provinces were not used as they were under Roman rule. They also did not have any government, and could not live in peaceful and democratic conditions.
The Persian people are characterized by the idea of religious law. As a religious community, they have no religious system except those of their own choosing; they no longer seek religious authority. The Islamic law is generally based on the belief of the prophet, which leads to a sense of justice and piety, to a religious ideal which promotes social harmony and freedom. In general, the religion of Islam is strictly based on personal practice—all religions, whether Islamic or not, share common values of honesty, humility, faithfulness, and humility. It reflects a deep desire to live good ethical lives and to learn from others; there are many sects and cultures that adhere to both.
However, the religious system of the Islamic State is very different from the religious system of most other nations. Many of its members were very close to the Islamic prophet, but they were not willing to take up a position of power on principle. These are the people who founded the caliphate, not the people who were sent by the apostates. Their primary concern was to avoid clashes with the Muslims, especially in Syria (though the Islamic State itself is also fighting with the ISIS; see below).
The Islamic State, which was founded by the caliphs, has evolved over the years into a new, more powerful organisation in Iraq and Syria [the Islamic State’s caliphate group]. The original idea of the caliphate divided them into two groups, each divided into three separate entities that would not have seen each other in the light of common history. During the first period of the caliphate caliphate, there were 13 different caliphate groups, based on the different forms of Muslim history. This period of separation had a large number of groups and sects. Most of these are not necessarily in Iraq or in any other part of the world outside of Syria or the Islamic State. As the caliphs began the caliphate caliphate in the 16th century, many of them were divided into smaller groups. After these groupings, some groupings in other Muslim countries began to form. These groups were divided into six subgroups: the Salafists, the Islahites, the Qudsatists, and the Muslims of the North, although most of these are separate and separate groups.[12] These are the groups who fought alongside the caliph in Iraq, Syria, and Iraq before the Caliph decided to take over the caliphate in 2013.
There seems to be one major difference between the early form of the Islamic State (as of 2013, after all) and today’s current form. The Islamic State (as of 2013) was still based in Syria, and it would not have been open to any direct alliance with Russia and other states. Instead, by 2013 the caliph’s forces had formed two groups, ISIS and al Qaeda. ISIS was the Islamic State
The difference between these civilizations was their economies. Although the Byzantine Empire traded, it relied mainly on agriculture. The Umayyads and Abbasids relied strictly on trade to thrive. The Arabs merchant class was highly respected due to the empires dependence on them. Arab trade was carried out throughout Africa, India, and the Mediterranean. The transportation consisted of the camel caravans and the use of dhows, which were small sailboats. In an effort to protect merchants and tradesman, the Arabs formed guilds to ensure that their citizens were the only sources of goods. This displayed the centralization of the Arabs. The capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, controlled the country side of the empire. This displayed their dependence on the farmers who supplied the food for the empire. The attitudes towards merchant in the Byzantine empire were similar to Chinas portrayal of merchants, which is that merchants thrive on the crafts of other people, therefore they are second class citizens.
In conclusion, the Arabs and the Byzantines were both set in strategic locations of the world due to the Byzantines extensive use of farming and agriculture, and the Arabs strong dependence on trade and the merchant class. Both societies became strong due