Yasunari Kawabata
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Yasunari Kawabata was the first Japanese person to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. His style combined elements of classic Japanese prose with modern psychological narrative and exploration of human sexuality. Deeply influenced by the culture of his homeland, his writings capture the vivid and melancholy beauty and spirituality of Japan, while his own experiences and studies contributed to his assay into emotion.
Kawabata was born on June 11, 1899 in Osaka, Japan into a prosperous family; his father was a very distinguished physician. However, he was orphaned at the age of 2, his father dying of tuberculosis. The tragedies continued: his grandmother died when he was seven, his only sister died when he was ten, and his grandfather when he was 14. Kawabata would go on to describe himself as a man “without home or family”. It is believed that these early traumas helped shape the background for the sense of loss and loneliness that runs throughout much of his writing.
After the death of his grandfather in 1915, Kawabata moved into a junior high dormitory (comparable to a modern day high school). He graduated from the school in 1917 and got into the Dai-ichi Koto-gakko (Number One High School) in the same year. He finished high school in 1920 and was accepted to the then Tokyo Imperial University as an English major. At the university, he began to study Japanese literature and the Zen philosophy in depth, admiring the works of poets such as priests Dogen (1200-1253) and Myoe (1173-1232). Their poems had a deeply meditative quality, mostly descriptive of natural scenes such as a winter’s moon or the silhouette of a mountain. Kawabata’s imagery in later works would mirror these poets with surrealistic techniques.
While attending the university Kawabata re-established the literary magazine, “Shin-shichō”, (New Tide of Thought), which had been non-operational for over four years. There he published his first short story, “Shokonsai Ikkei” (“A Scene from a SĐąance”). He later wrote a graduation thesis entitled “A Short History of Japanese Novels”, a show of his patriotism. He graduated from the university in March 1924. In October of 1924 he, Kataoka Teppei, Yokomitsu Riichi and a number of other young writers started a new literary journal entitled Bungei Jidai (The Artistic Age). This journal was a reaction to the old school of Japanese literature, specifically the Naturalist school, while at the same time it stood in opposition to “workers literature” or Socialist/ Communist schools. It was an “art for arts sake” movement, influenced by Cubism, Dada, Expressionism and other modernist styles. Kawabata and Yokomitsu used the term “Shinkankakuha” to describe their philosophy. It has often been mistakenly translated into English as “Neo-Impressionism”. However, Shinkankakuha was not meant to be neither an updated nor restored version of Impressionism; it merely focused on offering “new impressions”, or, more accurately, “new sensations” in literature.
Kawabata gained his first critical acclaim in 1925 with the novella Izu No Odoriko (“The Izu Dancer” or “The Dancing Girl of Izu”). The autobiographical tale recounted his youthful infatuation with a fourteen-year-old dancer but also captured the shy eroticism that comes with adolescent love. From that point on, aspects of love could be found in many of Kawabata’s other works. An example of this