Leadership Theories
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Behavioral Theory
Assumptions
Leaders can be made, rather than are born. Successful leadership is based in definable, learnable behavior.
Description
Behavioral theories of leadership do not seek inborn traits or capabilities. Rather, they look at what leaders actually do.If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it should be relatively easy for other people to act in the same way. This is easier to teach and learn then to adopt the more ephemeral traits or capabilities.
Discussion
Behavioral is a big leap from Trait Theory, in that it assumes that leadership capability can be learned, rather than being inherent. This opens the floodgates to leadership development, as opposed to simple psychometric assessment that sorts those with leadership potential from those who will never have the chance.A behavioral theory is relatively easy to develop, as you simply assess both leadership success and the actions of leaders. With a large enough study, you can then correlate statistically significant behaviors with success. You can also identify behaviors which contribute to failure, thus adding a second layer of understanding.
Contingency Theory
Assumptions
The leaders ability to lead is contingent upon various situational factors, including the leaders preferred style, the capabilities and behaviors of followers and also various other situational factors.
Description
Contingency theories are a class of behavioral theory that contend that there is no one best way of leading and that a leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others.
An effect of this is that leaders who are very effective at one place and time may become unsuccessful either when transplanted to another situation or when the factors around them change.
This helps to explain how some leaders who seem for a while to have the Midas touch suddenly appear to go off the boil and make very unsuccessful decisions.