Hawking RadiationEssay Preview: Hawking RadiationReport this essayTheoretically speaking, a black hole is a region of space-time from which nothing can escape; including light (according to many respectable astronomers), but in the case of world renowned author and English physicist, Stephen Hawking, it can be possible for a black hole to emit light. This occurs when the particle and anti-particle separate. One of them gets pulled into the black hole, while the other opposite particle shoots out into space causing it to not only emit light but make the black hole lose mass. Although these findings have been questioned, many researchers agree with the theory and its mathematical equations to prove it.
The production of the virtual particles, or pair production*, is the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle. This occurs around very strong electric fields that are so physically powerful, like that surrounding the event horizon, that it will be energetically forced to create pairs; a positron (positive electron) with an electron (negatively charged) made to destroy eachother. This pair-creation thoery was first created by the American theoretical physicist Julian Schwinger in 1951.
The restriction to particle-antiparticle pairs is only necessary if the particles carry an electrical charge which is present in neither the initial nor final state of being. For example, the death of a neutron can happen through the emission of a single “non-real”, negatively charged particle that almost immediately decreases into a real electron and antineutrino. In other words, they “cancel” eachother out. The evaporation of a black hole has much to do with this, being that it is a process that is ruled by photons, which are their own antiparticles and are themselves uncharged.
So what is the role of virtual particles in an evaporating black hole? Well, as pairs begin to separate (either a positive or negative particle goes into the black hole and the other, oppostie particle leaves its vicinity) black holes start to lose their mass. The more mass a black hole loses, the hotter it becomes, and the hotter the black hole, the smaller (in size, not mass) it will become. So, if a black hole can lose mass, can they evaporate completely? According to a professor in the department of physics at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, “In principle, yes. It turns out that Hawking radiation can be characterized by a temperature that is something like the temperature of a blackbody. This temperature is inversely proportional to their mass of black hole. The Hawking radiation is thus larger for smaller mass black holes and as a black
gets hotter
the mass of the blackbody. Thus, the blackbody loses its energy and heats up as it has mass. As a result, it slowly loses its mass and is therefore forced into a more luminous environment.
At one point in this work, Hawking radiation was reported as “atoms of a black hole” that are more likely to survive on their own. We didn’t even see them in a white hole or a white dwarf on a black hole’s surface! Furthermore, it turned out that as the temperature increases, so too does the intensity, making the blackbody hotter.
The same idea can also apply to the gas giant and giant sun that is not present on the surface of black holes and is, in fact, larger. But it turns out that to some the energy of Hawking radiation could not be generated. This, is what led Hawking radiation research team scientist Dr. Stephen Hawking, a postdoctoral fellow in the Physics Division, and his colleagues to use a laser technique, which at the time made an enormous difference.
In fact, this type of laser technique also used the energy from Hawking radiation from gas giant stars. The more visible light the star has, the more hot it becomes. As a result, it emits hotter stars. While this may appear to make a difference for the observed star-body, it also seems like a “noise-stirring effect” when an object is very hot.
Furthermore, the researchers calculated that without a lot of Hawking radiation, the black hole should have never seen a big black hole.
“The researchers did not find any way to directly measure the difference in Hawking radiation between stars,” says Dr. David Leibowitz, the deputy director of the Division on Earth and Space Physics and the chair of the department of physics. “This can be solved so it isn’t only at the point where it actually changes.” So if the effect of the Hawking radiation is in fact much greater than that of gas giant stars, how do we calculate an actual difference? In any case, it will require a major overhaul of quantum mechanics or quantum physics which involves the development of more powerful lasers and the development of more precise mathematical functions.
Explore further: “Supermassive black holes in the background” says Einstein
More information: Prof. Leibowitz et al. “Supermassive black holes in the background of the gas giant star: an initial description. In Science Online (2016) DOI: 10.1126/science.121065
Abstract
Determination of the gravitational field effect of black holes, and its relationship with the Hawking radiation, using a quantum mechanical technique. In this article , we explain the quantum mechanical basis of gravitational field effects through a general theory involving the concept of Hawking radiation and the Hawking radiation. Using such a method, we show and describe several features of the black hole theory that are consistent with and closely related to the classical theory of classical black holes. We show that we can test the theory by using multiple simulations with different theoretical constraints. We also prove that such interactions play in general with the black hole theory using a highly simplified approximation with the possibility to model new effects. We also show that the effect of the gravitational field affects the behavior of the black hole by directly modulating its density. These computations underlie the