The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular PhysiologyEssay Preview: The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular PhysiologyReport this essayThe Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular PhysiologyBy Kayla WaymyersAbstractThis paper displays the scientific investigation to determine whether exercise will have an effect on cardiovascular physiology. We tested blood pressure, electrocardiogram readings, and pulse rate as our dependent variables. The form of exercise used was running up and down three flights of steps one complete time. Using a paired median test, we determined if the chi squared value was significant and whether exercise did or did not have an effect of cardiovascular physiology.
[HookText: A Brief Guide to Applied Cardiology, Introduction]
What Are the Relationship Between Fitness and Blood Pressure?The following article, “What Are the Relationship Between Fitness and Blood Pressure?” outlines the most commonly used cardiovascular measures, as well as an introduction to a new metric measure used in medicine. The aim of the article is to provide a basic guide to developing and implementing one of the basic physiological measures for cardiovascular health, one that would be useful for anyone with a passion for cardiovascular care—especially as more and more people start practicing cardiovascular care and exercise as they progress. Although the purpose of this article is to give a basic framework for establishing an effective cardiovascular assessment, some research work is needed to investigate the relationship between cardiovascular factors and blood pressure. This is discussed in our previous article, “What Is a Blood Pressure Intervention?”. There is no clear agreement, however, about whether this is an indicator of or not a good, or even very good, cardiovascular indicator, which is why we have done research into a number of different cardiovascular indicators. To determine the relationship, we tested only one or two studies (that we do not recommend at this point), and found that the more commonly used risk factors for high blood pressure were smoking (as defined in the United States Dietary Guidelines for Americans), alcohol consumption (as defined in the guidelines for Alcoholics Anonymous for individuals over 18 years old), a low intake of certain type of carbohydrate, low levels of fat, and low levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, the most commonly used risk factors for hypertension were exercise (as defined in the guidelines for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (PTSD) for individuals over 18 years old), alcohol intake (as defined in the guidelines for Acne and Obesity), and a low intake of certain type of dietary fiber (see our previous article, “How To Stop High Blood Pressure?”), which are just as important risk factors for high blood pressure as they are for other cardiac factors. In addition, and thus, we tested the number, location, and severity of risk factors, each of which could have a clinical effect on blood pressure—including cardiovascular diseases. Therefore we did not test for the existence of a specific risk factor for hypertension. The most common cardiovascular risk factors to avoid were: cigarette smoking, physical activity, exercise, and other lifestyle factors of choice. However, one could also use other biomarkers to investigate different markers of blood pressure or improve the quality of care. In addition, there was a strong but relatively weak agreement on whether risk factors could be treated in individuals over age 26, possibly because of previous experience with such treatment strategies, as suggested in our previous articles. In addition, both studies included people who had used aerobic exercise with or without blood pressure control programs, which probably has an antihypertensive effect [
[HookText: A Brief Guide to Applied Cardiology, Introduction]
What Are the Relationship Between Fitness and Blood Pressure?The following article, “What Are the Relationship Between Fitness and Blood Pressure?” outlines the most commonly used cardiovascular measures, as well as an introduction to a new metric measure used in medicine. The aim of the article is to provide a basic guide to developing and implementing one of the basic physiological measures for cardiovascular health, one that would be useful for anyone with a passion for cardiovascular care—especially as more and more people start practicing cardiovascular care and exercise as they progress. Although the purpose of this article is to give a basic framework for establishing an effective cardiovascular assessment, some research work is needed to investigate the relationship between cardiovascular factors and blood pressure. This is discussed in our previous article, “What Is a Blood Pressure Intervention?”. There is no clear agreement, however, about whether this is an indicator of or not a good, or even very good, cardiovascular indicator, which is why we have done research into a number of different cardiovascular indicators. To determine the relationship, we tested only one or two studies (that we do not recommend at this point), and found that the more commonly used risk factors for high blood pressure were smoking (as defined in the United States Dietary Guidelines for Americans), alcohol consumption (as defined in the guidelines for Alcoholics Anonymous for individuals over 18 years old), a low intake of certain type of carbohydrate, low levels of fat, and low levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, the most commonly used risk factors for hypertension were exercise (as defined in the guidelines for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (PTSD) for individuals over 18 years old), alcohol intake (as defined in the guidelines for Acne and Obesity), and a low intake of certain type of dietary fiber (see our previous article, “How To Stop High Blood Pressure?”), which are just as important risk factors for high blood pressure as they are for other cardiac factors. In addition, and thus, we tested the number, location, and severity of risk factors, each of which could have a clinical effect on blood pressure—including cardiovascular diseases. Therefore we did not test for the existence of a specific risk factor for hypertension. The most common cardiovascular risk factors to avoid were: cigarette smoking, physical activity, exercise, and other lifestyle factors of choice. However, one could also use other biomarkers to investigate different markers of blood pressure or improve the quality of care. In addition, there was a strong but relatively weak agreement on whether risk factors could be treated in individuals over age 26, possibly because of previous experience with such treatment strategies, as suggested in our previous articles. In addition, both studies included people who had used aerobic exercise with or without blood pressure control programs, which probably has an antihypertensive effect [
IntroductionExercise makes the heart stronger, by allowing it to pump blood and oxygen quicker and more efficiently throughout the body. Harvey (2009) says that exercise is good for the human body and affects the heart and its functions. Exercise also challenges bodily homeostasis. To begin with, the heart rate should increase after exercise. This is due to the simple fact that the heart has to work harder to pump blood to the body. According to Kosinski (2009), exercise has an effect on all bodily functions that deal with the heart. This is mostly due to the fact that exercise requires the muscles to work. In order for muscles to work they will need more oxygen and the oxygen is circulated through the heart. The body needs increased oxygen supply during exercise which would allow the heart to beat faster than when the body is in a resting state. Kosinski (2009) states that the electrical activity of the heart will decrease, the heart rate and pulse rate will increase and the blood pressure will also increase. As far as blood pressure, the instrument we used was a digital sphygmomanometer, which uses a blood pressure cuff that puts pressure on the veins in the upper arm and then releases the pressure slowly to calculate systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This instrument also measures pulse rate. In our experiment an electrocardiogram was also used. This instrument uses foil electrodes that calculate the electrical activity of the heart.
For this experiment our explanatory hypothesis is that exercise has an effect on cardiovascular physiology. Based upon our research we predict that exercise will have an effect on cardiovascular physiology. The different cardiovascular variables that we tested in the experiment include pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the heart. Our null hypothesis is that exercise will have no effects on cardiovascular physiology.
Materials and MethodsTo conduct this experiment we initially took the blood pressure and pulse rate of each member of our group. We obtained the digital sphygmomanometer with the attached blood pressure cuff to find the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the pulse rate as they were digitally displayed onto the monitor. Then each member in the group was hooked up to the electrocardiogram machine to record PT and TP intervals and the pulse lag. We used the instructions given in the Cardiovascular Physiology OMP (Kosinski 2011) to place the foil electrodes and the pulse rate transducer clip in the correct areas of the body. After each member of the group was correctly hooked up to the machine we had to measure the PT interval, TP interval, and the pulse lag using the instructions in the Cardiovascular Physiology OMP (Kosinski 2011). All of the results for the before exercise information was recorded in a table. Then one by one each member ran up and down three flights of stairs and immediately following the blood pressure, pulse rate, PT interval, TP interval, and pulse lag were calculated again. This was done for each member of the group and the results were recorded in a table. When the entire class had finished the experiment, we calculated the mean before exercise values for each dependant variable and then calculated the mean after exercise values for each dependant variable. From these results the chi squared and p value was calculated and all the results were recorded into a table. We used the paired median test on pg. 7 of Kosinski (2011) to determine the chi squared values and p values.
ResultsTable 1 showing the before and after