Terms
Essay title: Terms
Pax Deorum –
Manifest Destiny, Peace of Gods. Pact. Bad things god angry, good things god
happy. But gods follow contracts. Appease gods. Pontifex maximus maintain
peace between god and state. Peace of mind
Fasces-
Symbol of Imperium. Bundle of rods tied by ribbon and 1 axe carried by lictors
or bodyguards.
Imperium means absolute power and jurisdiction. As Rome grew larger, imperium extended to its territory which Rome had taken over. Extedned absolute power.
Axe inc in the rods, means strength through unity. Rods in bundle hard to break
Secessio
Strike. A form of power excercised by pleians who simply leave the city and let the patrician to themselves. Strength in numbers since they majority of population. 449 BC, forced them to adopt 12 tablet which gave plebians more right in courts inc clear procedures.
Consulta
Hortensian Law
287BC Abolished Patrician class and plebeian class, only citizens. However class still remained due to money levels. Recognized plebeians assembly as a legislative body. Before, only patricians can practice legislation. Stripped senate veto power and gave assembly maximum power.
Gabinian Law
67 BC gave pompey power over all the mediterranean sea, 50 miles inalnd, massive army to deal with pirates. This gave pompey almost maximum power on all Roman provinces. This proved sullas effort to stop one man becoming overpowring ineffective. Also this weakened senate as it cant stop power from going into one mans hand
Verres
Corrupted governor of Scily which siphoned state fund for three years. Came back to Rome for court, and hired the most experienced lawyer to his aid. However is defeated by Cicero, who was appointed by the people of Scicily. Gave Cicero prominence.
Spartacus
Cataline
Tried to overthrow the Roman Republic. Ciceros nemesis. Wanted to cancel debts. Lost two consul elections and was prosecuted by Cicero, who had became consul. Cicero exiled him at a senatorial meeting. Threw himself to rebellion with Manlius. However, his fellow conspirators acted too early and was put to death. He later fought to death despite no hope of victory. However many of poor view him as hero despite villification by Cicero. Although his methods were despised, his personality was well respected. Plotted a coup, surround himself with criminals
Proscriptions
Public denoucenment of state enemies. First used by Sulla in 82 BC which he made a list of enemies at the forum. Stripped them of citizenship and money to reinforce treasury and eliminate eneimes. Method of elminating enemy and making money, as the process itself is corrupted and underoes no trial. Used later in the second Triumvirate.
Scipio Aemilianus
A general who oversaw the final destruction of Carthage 146BC Ended third Punic War and was elected consul.
Fabius Maximus
Became dictator when Hannbal invaded Italy Pen. Used scorched earth tactic to
delay Hannibal. Was no popular with Roman even though was effective
Final battle of the Punic War. Roman general Scipio Africanus defeated
Hannibal at this town. Carthage lost his sea but kept African terriorty, had to pay
huge sum of money to Rome and lost its fleet. Gave Rome full power of the
Meditereranean sea.
Cirta
Established Roman control in Africa, which then forced Hannibal back from
Italia to help
Scipio Nasica
Consul. Taken part in murder of Gracchus Chief of the senate. Elected Pontifex
Maximus
Cannae
Tired of scorched tatics by Fabius. Greatest defeat of Rome in Second Punic
War. 8 legions of Romans were defeated by Hannibal who had a lot less in
number. Rome had lost a great number of populace. Would no longer engage
open warfare with Hannibal and instead go back to old tactics. Had to attack
Africa to drive Hannibal
back
Cato the Elder
Elected consul and sensor, tried to uphold morality. Tried to bring Scipio
Africanus down and also ejected Manilius from the senate. Optimates
Cursus Honorum
Sequential