Essay About Cell Walls And Slime Molds

Study Guide for Bio-182
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Participation Assignment 2 — Chapters 27–28Directions: Match the term to its corresponding definition.        AnswerTermsDefinition AlveolatesProtist group that has membrane-bound sacs beneath the plasma membraneAmoebozoansClade that includes organisms with lobe- or tube-shaped pseudopodia; includes slime molds, tubulinids, and entamoebas ApicomplexansParasitic organism that causes malaria and has a complex of organelles at one end that is used to attack prey ArchaeaDomain of prokaryotic organisms that do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls; many members exist in extreme environments or have unique ways of obtaining energy (methanogens).Bioremediation AD. Process of using prokaryotic organisms to remove pollutants from soil, air, or water Brown AlgaeU. Photosynthetic algal group that is complex and multicellular; brown or olive color is from carotenoids.Cellular Slime MoldR. Slime mold that can function as single cells or can form aggregates of cells that function as a unit if food resources are depleted CiliatesOrganism with many hair-like cilia on its surface; conjugation and reproduction are separate parts of its life-cycle (example – Paramecium).ConjugationProcess of transferring DNA between two prokaryotic cells DinoflagellatesOrganism, with two flagella arranged in perpendicular grooves, that emits a bioluminescent glow when disturbed DiplomonadsProtists that have two equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagellaEndosporesThick-coated structure produced by some bacteria in response to harsh conditions; contains a copy of the bacterias DNAEndotoxinsPathogenic lipopolysaccharide components of bacterial outer membranes that are released when bacteria die; exotoxins are pathogenic proteins secreted by living bacteria.Euglenids D. An autotrophic/photosynthetic organism that has a light detector and chloroplast as well as two flagellaEuglenozoansProtists group that has flagella with internal spiral or crystalline rods ExtremophilesLovers of extreme environmental conditions (examples – halophile [high saline], thermophile [high heat], psychrophile [extreme cold])Golden AlgaePhotosynthetic algal group having yellow and brown carotenoids Gram-Negative BacteriaBacteria that have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer lipopolysaccharide membrane; members have diverse nutritional modes (examples – proteobacteria, chlamydias, spirochetes, and cyanobacteria).Gram-Positive BacteriaBacteria with a cell wall that has a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains crystal violet stain (examples – Streptomyces and Bacillus sp.).Green AlgaeAlgal organisms that are photosynthetic and contain many chloroplastsHeterocystCells that carry out only nitrogen fixation; these cells are part of a photosynthetic cyanobacteria.KinetoplastidsHave a single, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA (kinetoplast) (example – Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness and uses immunological camouflage to avoid host detection).MixotrophsAB. Organisms which can obtain nutrients/energy from autotrophy or heterotrophyParabasalidsProtists that have flagella and an undulating membranePlasmodial Slime MoldSlime mold that is brightly pigmented and can have a single mass of cytoplasm with multiple nucleiRed AlgaeAlgal organisms that are photosynthetic and contain phycoerythrin.RhizariansOrganisms that have threadlike pseudopodia for feeding; includes radiolarians, forams, and cercozoans.StramenopilesGroup of protists with both hairy and smooth flagellaTransductionAC. Occurs when phages carry prokaryotic genes form one host cell to anotherTransformationOccurs when a bacteria takes up and incorporates foreign DNA from its surroundings