Cellular Phones
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Tory Mckinzy
March 10, 2006
Table of Contents
Introduction
In less than 20 years cellular phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a persuasive low cost personal item used by everyone. In some countries cellular phones out number land line telephones. From businesses using them for their organizational uses, from adults and even children using them for personal use. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a cellular phone, use it as an accessory and emergency uses. Cellular phones have become a key social tool. People have learned to use cellular phones for personal use, and for everyday life they have become so convient. Cellular phones include so many usable features that has made it easier for us to communicate, stay organizaed and entertained at the palm of our hand. The cell phone has even become a fashion asscesory. With different colors that it can change to match your many different outfits, now you can even change a ring tone on how you feel that particular day. Back then mobile phones could only dial, talk and ring. Now cell phones send text messages, make voice calls, internet brosing, musicm, personal organizaors, take pictures, ringtones, games and even downloading. Cell phones have become a necessicity of everyday life, we use them to call home when we are late, make plans with friends, ir get directions. In this paper I will be discussing the history of cellular phones; when discussing the history we will go into who invented the cellular phone and how it all got started, then I will discuss what is a cell phone, how it works and its parts; I will also help you decide choose the cell ohone and cellular plan for you; choosing the right cellular phone for you is very important because you do want to get your moneys worth and get great use out of the cellular phone.
History of the Cellular Phone
In the late 1970s and early 1980s the car phone was the only mobile phone available. In 1984 cell phones were first mass marketed ti the general public. It was big, bulky and expensive to operate, compared to the small, light easy to handle cellular phones today. By the end of 1999 almost 104 million people in the U.S. owned a mobile phone. The concept of cell phones began in 1946 when researchers looked at mobile car phones and realized that by using small cells (range of service area) with frequency could increase the traffic capacity of the cellular phone, but the technology to do it did not exsist. Motorola was the first to incorporate the technology into a portable device that was desgned for outside of an auto use. In 1947 AT&T proposed that the FCC allow a large number of radio spectrum frequencies so that wide-spread mobile phone service could possibly become effective and AT&T would have some reason to research the new technology. Because of FCCs decision to limit the frequencies in 1947, only 23 phone conversations could happen simultaneously on the same service area. It was not worth the market reasearch. In 1977 AT&T and Bell Labs constructed a prototype cellular system. In 1979 the first commercial cellular system began operating in Tokyo. By 1982, FCC authorized commercial
cellular service for the U.S. It took cellular phone service 37 years to become commercially available in the U.S. In 1843 an analytical chemist Micheal Farday began exhaustive research into whether space could conduct electricity, using the principles already extablished by telegraphy. In 1865 Dr.Mahlon Loomis a dentist was the first person to communicate through wireless via atmosphere he developed a method of transmitting and receiving messages by using the Earths atmosphere as a conductor and launching kites enclosed with copper wires. Martin Cooper is known as the father of the cellular phone. He was hired by Motorola in 1954, Mr. Cooper worked on developing portable products, including the first portable products, the portable handheld police radios. Bell Laboratories introduced the idea of cellular communications in 1947. Martin Cooper set up a base station in New York with the first working prototype of a cell phone. The first cell phone was made in 1973. It was the Motorola Dyna-Tac. Its size was 9x5x1.75in. It weighed 2.5 pounds. And cost about $3,000, had no display. Talk time was 35 min. The only thing you could do was talk, listen and dial.
What is a Cellular Phone? and What happens when we use it?
As stated in the Wikipedia Encyclopedia. A cellular telephone is a type of short wave analog or digital telecommunication in ehich a subscriber has a wireless connection from a mobile telephone to a relatively nearby transmitter. The transmitters coverage is called a cell. It does the same thing as a portable phone but does not need a cord to operate. The cellular sytems are the divisions of a city into small cells. It allows extensive frequency reuse across a cit, so that millions of people can use cell phones simultaneously. In anlog, a cell phone system in the U.S. the cell carrier receieves about 800 frequencies to use across the city. The Carrier divides up th city into cells. Each cell is about 10 suare miles. Each cell has a base station
that has a tower and small building containing radio equipment. The Cell carrier gets 832 radio frequencies to use in the city. Each cell phone useses2 frequnncies per call. Cellular requires a lot of base stations in a city of any size. Because so many people are using cell phones the costs will remain low per user. The Mobile Telephone Switching Office handles all of the phone connections to the normal land based system and controlled
allof the base stations in the region. All cellular ohones have special coed, codeds are used to identify the phone,