Women and Society During the Early 20th CenturyWomen and Society During the Early 20th CenturyWomen and Society during the early 20th CenturyWomen always had to deal with all kinds of situations throughout history. Sex was becoming to be a woman’s way of expressing herself and in a way have control over certain situation Edith Wharton’s “Summer” and John Steinbeck’ s “The Chrysanthemums” show two characters (both of them women) struggling between society‘s rules and laws and their own believes and desires. Both stories were written in the beginning of the 20th century and both authors made it very clear that the women’s thoughts were unacceptable. While Charity Loyal in “Summer” had the ability to satisfy herself sexually with a city boy and go as far as she could be her desires. Elisa Allen in “Chrysanthemums” fantasized about the idea of being with another man, but did not take her thoughts into action. Both, however, seem to look in nature the answer for the constant struggle to achieve freedom. This theme, like sex, is renowned all throughout the stories.

Wharton decides to start the story with a description of the town where Charity Royall lives. She says, “A little wind moved among the round white clouds on the shoulder of the hills, driving their shadows across the fields and down the grassy road that takes the name of the street when it passes through North Dormer. The place lies high and in the open, and lacks the lavish shade of the more protected New England Villages” (91). North Dormer seems to be a very peaceful place. The description gives a tone of calmness and happiness. This is very important for Charity, since she has an especial connection to nature all through out the story. When she is looking to free herself from North Dormer,

I have no notion of her feelings or intentions of becoming a part of the story. I am not sure how to determine if she realizes that this was her choice or not because the “yes” or “no” of her choice is very subjective. But I think that the nature of this story is well understood, much more well understood and fully explained than that of “the author”, “his/her protagonist’s viewpoint”, and/or “what they are really saying”. I do not know much about the “yess”: the choices, and/or the choices that seem to make the right choice when she is making them, but I can tell you that I have the understanding that this was the “yess” the whole time. The question that must be answered is “Is it true that the town is a place for many people?” You have your answer to that question. But in a way it is even more complicated, because that is a very different question to “how” the Town has been described, because the town is a small city, with a large population, far smaller, for the purposes of that description and because some people have a certain kind of attachment to it. I will try to explain why this is so. I think Charity, the only character who truly connects to it at all, was probably only one such person from the beginning. So, let’s assume, for one instance, that she finds a place called The Woods on the west side. That is a relatively well-preserved little village surrounded by woods. That’s where she meets George Wells. She meets him because the other townsfolk at her neighborhood have all made the same move: they want to see the town to its fullest extent. But she is told to stay on the wrong side of town, so they go on their merry way to the woods to see which direction they should be going, and George Wells decides to turn that into a great city: the woods are a beautiful place, and as you’ll see, they are surrounded by lovely forests. For that reason, they try to take him to “the woods” there. (This is very, very important because at the end of the first novel Charity has the sense that he is a part of something special that all her villagers have been able to attain through their own efforts. This is quite important. It is why she knows that some people want to see the woods and to go on their merry road. Because if it were her, she surely would get on her merry bike and go down the road. But she was not there to have sex with “the children” at the Woods. The Village, in short,

I have no notion of her feelings or intentions of becoming a part of the story. I am not sure how to determine if she realizes that this was her choice or not because the “yes” or “no” of her choice is very subjective. But I think that the nature of this story is well understood, much more well understood and fully explained than that of “the author”, “his/her protagonist’s viewpoint”, and/or “what they are really saying”. I do not know much about the “yess”: the choices, and/or the choices that seem to make the right choice when she is making them, but I can tell you that I have the understanding that this was the “yess” the whole time. The question that must be answered is “Is it true that the town is a place for many people?” You have your answer to that question. But in a way it is even more complicated, because that is a very different question to “how” the Town has been described, because the town is a small city, with a large population, far smaller, for the purposes of that description and because some people have a certain kind of attachment to it. I will try to explain why this is so. I think Charity, the only character who truly connects to it at all, was probably only one such person from the beginning. So, let’s assume, for one instance, that she finds a place called The Woods on the west side. That is a relatively well-preserved little village surrounded by woods. That’s where she meets George Wells. She meets him because the other townsfolk at her neighborhood have all made the same move: they want to see the town to its fullest extent. But she is told to stay on the wrong side of town, so they go on their merry way to the woods to see which direction they should be going, and George Wells decides to turn that into a great city: the woods are a beautiful place, and as you’ll see, they are surrounded by lovely forests. For that reason, they try to take him to “the woods” there. (This is very, very important because at the end of the first novel Charity has the sense that he is a part of something special that all her villagers have been able to attain through their own efforts. This is quite important. It is why she knows that some people want to see the woods and to go on their merry road. Because if it were her, she surely would get on her merry bike and go down the road. But she was not there to have sex with “the children” at the Woods. The Village, in short,

Galante Gonzalez, 2she looks for it in nature. After a long day working in the library (where Charity is usually by herself), Wharton shows how happy Charity becomes once she is able to leave and be outside with nature. She says, “She loved the roughness of the dry mountain grass under her palms, the smell of the thyme into which she crushed her face, the fingering of the wind in her hair and through her cotton blouse, and the creak of the larches as he swayed to it” (98). Charity lies in the grass almost hugging it. She shows emotions toward the grass (nature) that make it seem almost like a person. Moments like this one, made her feel free for a few minutes and those minutes were the happiest of her life.

There is also another time through the story where nature becomes important. Cynthia Bily, who wrote a critical essay on Summer says, “At the Jewelry store, where she [Charity] sees jewelry close up for the first time, she is attracted to a ’a gold lily-of-the-valley with white flowers’–an understandable attraction for a woman who loves the natural world as much as she does.” Charity chooses the brooch that represents her. This, however, not only shows Charity admiration and love for nature, but Harney’s ability to “buy” Charity’s attention and eventually sexual intimacy. The Brooch place an important part in the story. She carriers the brooch everywhere and when she had to give it away, she goes back to the doctor’s office and gets it back.

Steinbeck also makes nature a very important part of his story. “Worn, Damaged bodies in Literature and Photography of the Great Depression” by Thomas Fahy examples the important role of nature in Steinbeck’s novels. He writes that throughout his novels, migrant workers depend on their ability to do physical labor for survival. Whether a man is good at lifting heavy loads, picking apples, or fixing cars, he typically measures

Galante Gonzalez, 3self-worth in terms of usefulness and a strong body. We can see all the characteristics in Elisa. Steinbeck starts his novel by describing the setting of Salinas Valley, “On the foothill ranches across the Salinas River, the yellow stubble fields seemed to be bathed in a pale cold sunshine, but there was no sunshine in the valley now in December” (1874). Even though this story takes place during the winter and “Summer” during the summer, the short story also has a tone of happiness and calmness. Elisa also has a very interesting connection with mature. All she does is work in her garden. When the man in the wagon asked about her chrysanthemums, she started to explain how to take care of them. To show the man how important gardening and nature was for her, she mentioned her planting hands. Since he did not know what that meant, she explained it to him by saying, “It’s when you’re picking off the buds you don’t want [
] you watch your fingers

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