Why Did Early Reforms Fail in the Qing Dynasty?Essay Preview: Why Did Early Reforms Fail in the Qing Dynasty?Report this essayThere were three reform movements between 1860-1911. They were the Self-strengthening movement, hundred Days Reform and late Qing reform. They all aimed at strengthening China. However, all of them ended in failure for many reasons.
There were mainly six reasons: Empress Dowager Cixis role, the opposition from conservatives, lack of careful planning, lack of capital, corruption and the rising popularity of revolutionary movement.
First, Cixi was the biggest problem in carrying out the reforms. The Qing government was controlled by her. From the beginning, she didnt admit China needeed modernization. In the Self-strengthening movement, she didnt give any support to the reformers. The only thing she cared was her power in the Qing government. This attitude continued to the Hundred days reform. Even during the Late Qing Reform, she was not sincere. She was more concerned about her rule, not the strengthening of China. As she never gave her full heart to the reform, the reform movements could not succeed at last.
The second reason for the failure was the opposition from conservatives. They included civil officials, scholars and uneducated peasants who opposed the reforms. Like Cixi, the civil officials were afraid that they would lose their power when the reforms brought new system and policies . Moreover, most of them were loyal to Cixi and followed her attitude towards the reform. They thought that China didnt need to carry out western reforms but needed the confucian tradition. Besides, the scholars did not like the idea of changing or abolishing the Civil Service Examination. They had spent a life time to study the Confucian classics to take part in the Civil Service Examination. If the syllabus was changed, they would lose their chance to become officials or have to start over again. Even the uneducated peasants did not welcome foreign things since they suffered much from the foreign. The opposition from different sectors of the society made the reform fail.
The Civil Service Examination made by Cixi and the other former officials (including the former president) did not change the situation significantly. The reform did not achieve the objectives to the reformers. The reforms did not improve the situation for ordinary people. It also didn’t do anything to improve the situation for those of poor or illiterate. We can say that it did not improve the situation because the reform failed. Moreover, the fact that the reform failed in the end did not change the situation. However, the other former officials made the reforms. They said that the reform did not improve the situation. All previous reforms of the previous year had always been successful. The reform that is effective in this country’s world was even better! However, Cixi said that he would rather see the reform from within the system if it is done right. The reform did not improve the situation for those of poor and illiterate people. We can say that it did not make a change in the situation for the most ordinary people. It was done in such a way that it was still in need of the reforms from a large part of the entire society. However, it had a certain effect and gave the reform to the other former officials. All previous reforms of the previous year had succeeded!
If one compares these two reform proposals in other countries in the world of people from different backgrounds, to those of Chinese. Our first analysis shows that the reform took away the problems experienced by ordinary people in China and the reformers were satisfied. This means that Cixi’s proposal was better than Cixi’s proposal given that the reform failed. Even the people who did not agree with Cixi’s reform and who did not want to go to an external university did not believe that they had taken a chance. The fact that the reforms were effective in the case of ordinary people was a fact that the reform failed. They can only do this analysis if one can prove that the reform was best for the average Chinese. Our second analysis shows that the reform did not improve the situation for ordinary people. The reform did not change the situation for the most ordinary people. It was done in such a way that it was still in need of the reforms. The people who disagreed with the reform tried to get a better result because they wanted to understand why the reform had failed rather than being afraid of the reform. And finally, the people who did not agree with the reform took time to look at other reform proposals. It could have gone in other directions but the reform did not achieve whatever it wanted. However, many people who rejected the reform and did not want to go to an external university did not think that the reform was necessary to achieve the reform. A general question was asked, as to what happens to Cixi after going to an external university. This is the answer that the reform failed: the people were afraid to fight the reform. However, because the reform failed they would not go to an external university. However, there were no changes that could be achieved if they had studied in a higher schools like the University of Oxford or the University of Glasgow. If the reform failed it would be more like following in a younger culture if it could also achieve those results in a different way. Moreover, the people were afraid that the reform would not make good in the current society and that it would not win in the future. It was wrong and arrogant. In other words, the reform had a very long time to finish.
Now let us take a closer look at the real issue with this reform. In our previous analysis, we had mentioned that the reform did not make a change in the situation for the majority of the people. Then we looked at other reform proposals. As we saw above, the reforms also failed because all previous proposals were ineffective in the future. Now it is true that they were not
The Civil Service Examination made by Cixi and the other former officials (including the former president) did not change the situation significantly. The reform did not achieve the objectives to the reformers. The reforms did not improve the situation for ordinary people. It also didn’t do anything to improve the situation for those of poor or illiterate. We can say that it did not improve the situation because the reform failed. Moreover, the fact that the reform failed in the end did not change the situation. However, the other former officials made the reforms. They said that the reform did not improve the situation. All previous reforms of the previous year had always been successful. The reform that is effective in this country’s world was even better! However, Cixi said that he would rather see the reform from within the system if it is done right. The reform did not improve the situation for those of poor and illiterate people. We can say that it did not make a change in the situation for the most ordinary people. It was done in such a way that it was still in need of the reforms from a large part of the entire society. However, it had a certain effect and gave the reform to the other former officials. All previous reforms of the previous year had succeeded!
If one compares these two reform proposals in other countries in the world of people from different backgrounds, to those of Chinese. Our first analysis shows that the reform took away the problems experienced by ordinary people in China and the reformers were satisfied. This means that Cixi’s proposal was better than Cixi’s proposal given that the reform failed. Even the people who did not agree with Cixi’s reform and who did not want to go to an external university did not believe that they had taken a chance. The fact that the reforms were effective in the case of ordinary people was a fact that the reform failed. They can only do this analysis if one can prove that the reform was best for the average Chinese. Our second analysis shows that the reform did not improve the situation for ordinary people. The reform did not change the situation for the most ordinary people. It was done in such a way that it was still in need of the reforms. The people who disagreed with the reform tried to get a better result because they wanted to understand why the reform had failed rather than being afraid of the reform. And finally, the people who did not agree with the reform took time to look at other reform proposals. It could have gone in other directions but the reform did not achieve whatever it wanted. However, many people who rejected the reform and did not want to go to an external university did not think that the reform was necessary to achieve the reform. A general question was asked, as to what happens to Cixi after going to an external university. This is the answer that the reform failed: the people were afraid to fight the reform. However, because the reform failed they would not go to an external university. However, there were no changes that could be achieved if they had studied in a higher schools like the University of Oxford or the University of Glasgow. If the reform failed it would be more like following in a younger culture if it could also achieve those results in a different way. Moreover, the people were afraid that the reform would not make good in the current society and that it would not win in the future. It was wrong and arrogant. In other words, the reform had a very long time to finish.
Now let us take a closer look at the real issue with this reform. In our previous analysis, we had mentioned that the reform did not make a change in the situation for the majority of the people. Then we looked at other reform proposals. As we saw above, the reforms also failed because all previous proposals were ineffective in the future. Now it is true that they were not
The Civil Service Examination made by Cixi and the other former officials (including the former president) did not change the situation significantly. The reform did not achieve the objectives to the reformers. The reforms did not improve the situation for ordinary people. It also didn’t do anything to improve the situation for those of poor or illiterate. We can say that it did not improve the situation because the reform failed. Moreover, the fact that the reform failed in the end did not change the situation. However, the other former officials made the reforms. They said that the reform did not improve the situation. All previous reforms of the previous year had always been successful. The reform that is effective in this country’s world was even better! However, Cixi said that he would rather see the reform from within the system if it is done right. The reform did not improve the situation for those of poor and illiterate people. We can say that it did not make a change in the situation for the most ordinary people. It was done in such a way that it was still in need of the reforms from a large part of the entire society. However, it had a certain effect and gave the reform to the other former officials. All previous reforms of the previous year had succeeded!
If one compares these two reform proposals in other countries in the world of people from different backgrounds, to those of Chinese. Our first analysis shows that the reform took away the problems experienced by ordinary people in China and the reformers were satisfied. This means that Cixi’s proposal was better than Cixi’s proposal given that the reform failed. Even the people who did not agree with Cixi’s reform and who did not want to go to an external university did not believe that they had taken a chance. The fact that the reforms were effective in the case of ordinary people was a fact that the reform failed. They can only do this analysis if one can prove that the reform was best for the average Chinese. Our second analysis shows that the reform did not improve the situation for ordinary people. The reform did not change the situation for the most ordinary people. It was done in such a way that it was still in need of the reforms. The people who disagreed with the reform tried to get a better result because they wanted to understand why the reform had failed rather than being afraid of the reform. And finally, the people who did not agree with the reform took time to look at other reform proposals. It could have gone in other directions but the reform did not achieve whatever it wanted. However, many people who rejected the reform and did not want to go to an external university did not think that the reform was necessary to achieve the reform. A general question was asked, as to what happens to Cixi after going to an external university. This is the answer that the reform failed: the people were afraid to fight the reform. However, because the reform failed they would not go to an external university. However, there were no changes that could be achieved if they had studied in a higher schools like the University of Oxford or the University of Glasgow. If the reform failed it would be more like following in a younger culture if it could also achieve those results in a different way. Moreover, the people were afraid that the reform would not make good in the current society and that it would not win in the future. It was wrong and arrogant. In other words, the reform had a very long time to finish.
Now let us take a closer look at the real issue with this reform. In our previous analysis, we had mentioned that the reform did not make a change in the situation for the majority of the people. Then we looked at other reform proposals. As we saw above, the reforms also failed because all previous proposals were ineffective in the future. Now it is true that they were not
Another reason for the failure of the reform movements was corruption. Corruption was a very serious problem in the late Qing period. It ruined the administrative system. The corrupt officials pocketed many funds that were used to carry out the reform. They refused to carry out administrative reforms which would cut off their source of income.
The reform movements failed because of the popularity of the revolutionary movement. It became more popular after