Computers: The Greatest Invention of The Century?
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Many people consider the computer to be a once in a lifetime invention. Almost everywhere one goes and looks, there is always a computer. They are found in basically every household in America. It is such a powerful device that it changes the way people run their lives. The question is, are computers all good or are there some downfalls to this incredible gadget? In order to answer this question, it is best for one to know the history, components, careers, and the dark side of computers.
There is no simple answer to the question, “Who invented the computer?” Many inventors, through the course of time have contributed to the invention of the computer. It is quite hard to pinpoint the first computer, but most scholars say the abacus was the first “computer.” The abacus was the first portable counting mechanism, invented by the Babylonians (Houghton 1). However, this was not quite a computer because it could not be programmed. In the early 1800s, a man named Charles Babbage created a device called the Difference Engine. It was a programmable steam powered calculator. This was a huge step toward the modern-day computer (Swedin and Ferro 19). In 1890, Dr. Herman Hollerith created the first automatic data-processing machine that was used to put information together for the U.S. census. Holleriths machine became so successful that he created his own business, which eventually became IBM (Houghton 2). Some 50 years later, the U.S. military was in need of an easier way to determine how far their missiles would fire. From this the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) was born. This was the first successful electronic computer. It was an absolutely enormous machine, taking up a whole room (2).
For the next 50 years, the computer continued to be improved on and evolved into what is now thought of as the computer. The computers of today are simply amazing compared to what they were in the past. They are sleeker, faster, and more powerful, while being smaller at the same time. People years ago would never have thought gadgets like the iPod, PDA, or cell phone could ever be possible.
The technology that is used today will become obsolete in a short amount of time at the rate humans are developing technology. Computers are going be in every imaginable place. The computers of the future will assist humans in doing whatever is needed to be done. The possibilities are endless. Computers will also be much faster and more compact. There are two emerging technologies, DNA computers and quantum computers (Tyson 2). They have the potential to be the next big improvements in computers. DNA might one day be built into a computer chip to create a so-called biochip that will make computers incredibly smaller and faster. Quantum computers will harness the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks. They have the potential to perform certain calculations billions of times faster than any silicon-based computer (2). In Stanley Kubricks film, “2001: A Space Odyssey,” he predicts what the world is going to be like 30 years into the future. Kubrick was correct about a few of his predictions, but mostly he was wrong. Computers are going in a very interesting direction that nobody can really predict.
The physical parts of a computer that can be touched is hardware. Not all parts are vital for a computer to run, but most hardware components do serve an important purpose. “The motherboard is probably the most important part of the computer” (“Motherboard” 1). It is the main circuit board and heart of a computer. It connects all the hardware together and makes everything work. The CPU is another important hardware part. It stands for Central Processing Unit. This processor is essentially the brain of the computer. It interprets computer program instructions and handles data. CPUs allow computers to be programmed, which is a crucial trait (“Processor” 1). Storage devices are another fundamental component of modern computers. They are commonly referred to as memory. Hard drives, zip drives, and floppy drives are all examples of storage devices (“Storage” 1).
Computer software is the programs designed to perform a specific task. It works along with hardware to help the computer run. It is the opposite of computer hardware in that it is not physically tangible. There are two main different types of frequently used software. One is system software and the other is application software (Swedin and Ferro 40). The system software is commonly referred to as the operating system. All computers have an operating system. It is used for starting the computer and running all the application software, along with other things. Some common operating systems are Windows, Linux and Macintosh (40). Then there is the application software as mentioned before. Applications are computer programs that are designed for a specific task. Some typical examples of application software are word processors, media players and computer games (Swedin and Ferro 86). So all in all, computer hardware and software goes hand in hand in making the computer to be what it is today.
Computers and the Internet are not going away any time soon. “In fact computer careers are one of the fastest growing segments in the market right now. Everybody needs technology, everybody needs people that know how to make computers work and understands how it impacts the business” (Abbott). It is true that many computer related jobs are going overseas, and most of those jobs are being taken by near-desperate Chinese and Indians. However, companies and businesses will always need employees who can communicate effectively with customers. “That is one of my biggest frustrations is the lack of communication in an organization” (Abbott). There are a countless number of jobs in the computer field of computers. Some of the most common occupations that deal with computers are software engineers, systems analysts, and graphic designers.
Computer software engineers use the standards and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that allow computers to complete their many applications (“Computer Software Engineers” 1). They instruct computers how to perform a task through special codes. They also have to solve technical problems when they come up. They often organize the construction and maintenance of a companys computer systems and plan their future growth. Computer software engineers often work as part of a team, rather than alone. Employment of computer software engineers is expected to increase much faster than the average for all occupations (“Computer Software Engineers” 5). Very