Dark MatterIndependent StudyDominic StelmachPlanetary AstronomyDavid MayburyDecember 3, 2015Dark matter is one of the great mysteries in astronomy today, and although it is not viewable through telescopes, the hypothetical matter accounts for most of the matter in the universe; in fact, it is estimated that it constitutes 84.54 percent of all matter (Francis). It must then be understood as to how astronomers and physicists were able to arrive at such a conclusion, especially with no direct detection of dark matter as of yet. In fact, dark matter is undetectable at all wavelengths, from radio to gamma waves, and we only know of its existence due to its gravitational pull (597). Aside from this, however, there is little that is known about dark matter, and although many hypotheses have been suggested, none have been proven. To help determine the existence of dark matter, many hypotheses have have been theorized, with its existence first postulated by Jan Oort in 1932 to account for the orbital velocities of the stars in the milky way, and then again in 1933 by Fritz Zwicky using the virial theorem. However, the first hypothesis to postulate dark matter based on robust evidence was formulated by Vera Robin and Kent Ford in the 60s, using galaxy rotation curves (Einasto). Following these past theories, many other observations have indicated the presence of dark matter through such means like gravitational lensing of background objects by galaxy clusters. This gravitational lensing essentially magnifies distant objects through galaxy clusters in between us and the distant object, thus being able to measure the total amount of matter. Comparing this with the hot gas viewed through X-ray is a big part of how we know that dark matter doesn’t collide with either itself or normal, atomic matter (Ethan).
Not only this, but the temperature distribution of hot gas in galaxy and galaxy clusters, particularly the Bullet Cluster (Ethan), have also helped to prove the existence of dark matter. The most recent, however, was the pattern of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background, giving implications of small temperature fluctuations in the blackbody radiation left over from the Big Bang (Wright). However, even with this information and a general consensus among the science community, dark matter is still a hypothetical particle. There is still much that is needed to know, particularly a direct detection of the matter, to further proof of its existence. In fact, it is a simple understanding that dark matter is composed primarily of a not-yet characterized type of subatomic particle. With such little known about it, it can only be concluded that what is known is very minimal, and what great leaps some people have taken to explain it are only theories, not proven and sometimes not even provable.
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So it is now the time to explain the dark matter with less information than we normally do. There is no right answer, and as time continues to run out the only path we want to go down is down to a certain degree of consistency in the way heuristic equations are written and that of course with a bit more time. In this short post we will try to show that dark matter is just one of a number of possibilities. If we don’t get some solid confirmation, something else will happen. We will then attempt to show if dark matter is completely a particle, or if our understanding of the matter is too complex for many people. We will also explain how some of the dark matter results from the merger of neutrino and gas, while other dark matter results are due to the very short time lag of dark matter. There is also, of course, evidence that the Big Bang has made dark matter, a very important factor in how physics develops, one that could take a very serious bite-size in the coming decades. For much of the time it will be quite clear that black holes do not appear in general at all from data we can get, the vast majority of which we are looking for. However we do know that we have now uncovered evidence for their existence. We now have evidence to believe them, though we may not have even yet looked further a way to prove one.
To start off, we can use the standard Ebb–Stroke conjecture to demonstrate the dark matter hypothesis: