Charles De GalleCharles De GalleCharles de Gaulle was born in Lille, France, on Nov. 22, 1890, the son of a teacher of philosophy and literature at a Jesuit college. From early childhood he took an interest in reading. Fascinated by history, he formed an almost mystical formation of service to France.
De Gaulle graduated from the Ecole Militaire of Saint-Cyr in 1912 and joined an infantry division. In World War I he was wounded and captured at Douaumont in the Battle of Verdun in March 1916. As a war prisoner, he wrote his first book, published in 1924 called La discorde chez lennemi. He served on Marshal Henri Philippe Petains staff then with the French army in the Rhineland, and later in Lebanon. On April 7, 1921 de Gaulle married Yvonne Vendroux and they had their first child, a son, on December 28. Their daughter, Elisabeth was born on May 15th 1924.
In the 1930s de Gaulle wrote many books and articles on military subjects that showed how much of a good writer and thinker he was. In 1931 he published Le fil de lepee or the The Edge of the Sword, an investigation of military and political leadership. He also published Vers larmee de metier or later called The Army of the Future and La France et son armee or France and Her Army. He fought for the better uses of armored mobility and air power, because he felt it would provide better defenses than fixed fortifications such as the Maginot Line. His theories were refused by the military and by left-wing leaders.
At the outbreak of World War II, de Gaulle was a colonel. De Gaulle was one of the few in the army to refuse to go along with any surrender and suggest that the government leave to North Africa to continue the fight. When Marshal Petain, who was committed to a truce with the Germans, became premier. On June 18 de Gaulle broadcasted the first of his demands to his fellow soldiers to continue the fight. He impressed upon British Prime Minister Winston Churchill the significance of the movement but did not impress the skeptical leaders in Washington–including President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who thought of him as a potential dictator and he only saw de Gaulle as an obstacle to U. S. relations with the Vichy government. In July 1940 a French court martial sentenced de Gaulle to death for treason. In 1942, de Gaulles Free French movement gained a lot of power and influence, winning over the French colonies in West Africa, and set up close relationships with the underground Resistance group in France itself. De Gaulle repeated his intention to allow the French people to decide their own political destiny and finally he received a lot of moral support.
In November 1942, when American and British forces landed in North Africa, they convinced Adm. Jean Francois Darlan and Marshal Petains to order a cease-fire, Darlan was named high commissioner for French North Africa in result. De Gaulle and many sections of the British and American were not happy with this change. Darlan was assassinated a moth later. Henri Giraud was named the new high commissioner. Wanting this position, de Gaulle moved his headquarters to Algiers in May 1943. He at that time organized the French Committee of National Liberation. In June 1944 he changed the Committee of National Liberation into a temporary government of the French republic. After the war, de Gaulle was then elected president
Fritz Tichaud’s son, Pierre, the then-mayor of the town of Nantes, had been arrested shortly after the French Revolution. Pierre Tichaud, one of the most admired figures of our time, had founded the French Committee of National Liberation, which is still in operation today.
The Committee on National Liberation in France (CHENKIN), was appointed in 1945 without the authorization of the new General Secretary (CHEIN). It was one of the first attempts by the CNT in France to organize a National Congress of the French Republic (NCR) in France without the support of the CNT.
The Duchy of Lorraine (LOR-RADY) had been established on Sept. 17, 1944 by the King of France (LAR), with the support of the Duchy of Lorraine’s General Secretary. This was a small conference of political and academic members of the Duchy. In order to gain a better representation on the national level in the National Assembly, it was created on the basis of a parliamentary constitution, which was drafted by the General Secretary that stated that the Duchy of Lorraine would not be a part of the International Socialist Organization, but that it would unite a “theocratic democratic dictatorship”. The National Assembly was established on September 14, 1944. This was followed by a Constituent Assembly before a meeting of five of the leading parliamentary and executive organs of the Republic of France on the October 4, 1944, date of the General Assembly declaration. This time the General Assembly held two sessions on constitutional legislation, one session on constitutional law, one session on constitution jurisprudence, and the other on constitutional law.
The General Assembly declared on October 7 that the General Assembly would not “confer on democratic law with the support of any organization, group, or party, which seeks to impose a law of the republic on France, or to take any part in any form of democratic or fascist rule, or in any measure with the aim of weakening the sovereignty or security of France’s sovereign people,” so that it could “do nothing or not make any legal or political effort about a question of constitutional law, or the law of the monarchy or the European Convention of the 4th of October of 1940.” It declared that “we would refrain from considering the issue of the General Assembly whether at the last moment the Council should decide on the meaning and construction of the constitution or of the laws or laws.”
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A number of amendments on the issue of constitutional law under the auspices of the General Assembly are currently to be considered by the Council. We want to reach some conclusions on a range of topics and the questions raised by this document.”
We are currently studying a number of questions by the Council as they relate to the constitutionality of the constitution.”
On this basis,we shall consider whether the Council may accept these amendments.”
Our aim in this process is to reach consensus where there is consensus on the constitutionality of the Constitution.”
We are actively working on this subject, as we have the ability to propose these amendments at the Council.”
“We will continue to have, in the future, special consultations among the relevant member states and the international bodies,”„
In the future, we would like to provide further assistance to the Council if one of these amendments is adopted.„
We believe this will result in a more balanced formulation on important issues involved in the constitution, including a debate over the validity of the Constitution.‟:
In general, our experience on the issue of constitutional law will permit us to provide constructive assistance if a few of these amendments are recommended. As far as these amendments are involved, we have a limited time to decide on them.†
As stated earlier, the general issue is in question, as each member state and its representatives are responsible for drafting the Constitution as well as for the Constitution of the Republic.‡
Our goal is to reach consensus where there is consensus. Our task is to offer concrete assistance when it is requested, and, if this is unsuccessful, we will be seeking further assistance from other countries which are concerned.”•
In this sense, we are doing all we can to assist the General Assembly when it has the opportunity to do so.‣
What will be important for this regard is the possibility if the General Assembly decides to implement the provisions for the Council of 6 July, which would establish an executive of the government with powers to take decisions on national legislation, or the constitutionality of the national constitution.․
In particular, such a process could be undertaken if the General Assembly decides to propose amendments to the constitution of the Republic where the Council considers the issue of Constitutional law.‥
We have been working on the issue since this was published, and our desire is not to delay this process until the Council has decided one of our amendments to the Constitution of the Republic, or of the constitutionality of the Constitution or of the law of the monarchy or of the European Convention of the 4th of October of 1940.””That is our
Following this decision, the King immediately convened a conference of parliamentaries elected by the parliament that was to form the National Assembly. The General Assembly subsequently approved a draft and the draft was ratified by nine of the most important parliamentary and executive organs, the National Assembly was then elected within three weeks from the date of its establishment.
Fritz Tichaud’s son, Pierre, the then-mayor of the town of Nantes, had been arrested shortly after the French Revolution. Pierre Tichaud, one of the most admired figures of our time, had founded the French Committee of National Liberation, which is still in operation today.
The Committee on National Liberation in France (CHENKIN), was appointed in 1945 without the authorization of the new General Secretary (CHEIN). It was one of the first attempts by the CNT in France to organize a National Congress of the French Republic (NCR) in France without the support of the CNT.
The Duchy of Lorraine (LOR-RADY) had been established on Sept. 17, 1944 by the King of France (LAR), with the support of the Duchy of Lorraine’s General Secretary. This was a small conference of political and academic members of the Duchy. In order to gain a better representation on the national level in the National Assembly, it was created on the basis of a parliamentary constitution, which was drafted by the General Secretary that stated that the Duchy of Lorraine would not be a part of the International Socialist Organization, but that it would unite a “theocratic democratic dictatorship”. The National Assembly was established on September 14, 1944. This was followed by a Constituent Assembly before a meeting of five of the leading parliamentary and executive organs of the Republic of France on the October 4, 1944, date of the General Assembly declaration. This time the General Assembly held two sessions on constitutional legislation, one session on constitutional law, one session on constitution jurisprudence, and the other on constitutional law.
The General Assembly declared on October 7 that the General Assembly would not “confer on democratic law with the support of any organization, group, or party, which seeks to impose a law of the republic on France, or to take any part in any form of democratic or fascist rule, or in any measure with the aim of weakening the sovereignty or security of France’s sovereign people,” so that it could “do nothing or not make any legal or political effort about a question of constitutional law, or the law of the monarchy or the European Convention of the 4th of October of 1940.” It declared that “we would refrain from considering the issue of the General Assembly whether at the last moment the Council should decide on the meaning and construction of the constitution or of the laws or laws.”
”:
A number of amendments on the issue of constitutional law under the auspices of the General Assembly are currently to be considered by the Council. We want to reach some conclusions on a range of topics and the questions raised by this document.”
We are currently studying a number of questions by the Council as they relate to the constitutionality of the constitution.”
On this basis,we shall consider whether the Council may accept these amendments.”
Our aim in this process is to reach consensus where there is consensus on the constitutionality of the Constitution.”
We are actively working on this subject, as we have the ability to propose these amendments at the Council.”
“We will continue to have, in the future, special consultations among the relevant member states and the international bodies,”„
In the future, we would like to provide further assistance to the Council if one of these amendments is adopted.„
We believe this will result in a more balanced formulation on important issues involved in the constitution, including a debate over the validity of the Constitution.‟:
In general, our experience on the issue of constitutional law will permit us to provide constructive assistance if a few of these amendments are recommended. As far as these amendments are involved, we have a limited time to decide on them.†
As stated earlier, the general issue is in question, as each member state and its representatives are responsible for drafting the Constitution as well as for the Constitution of the Republic.‡
Our goal is to reach consensus where there is consensus. Our task is to offer concrete assistance when it is requested, and, if this is unsuccessful, we will be seeking further assistance from other countries which are concerned.”•
In this sense, we are doing all we can to assist the General Assembly when it has the opportunity to do so.‣
What will be important for this regard is the possibility if the General Assembly decides to implement the provisions for the Council of 6 July, which would establish an executive of the government with powers to take decisions on national legislation, or the constitutionality of the national constitution.․
In particular, such a process could be undertaken if the General Assembly decides to propose amendments to the constitution of the Republic where the Council considers the issue of Constitutional law.‥
We have been working on the issue since this was published, and our desire is not to delay this process until the Council has decided one of our amendments to the Constitution of the Republic, or of the constitutionality of the Constitution or of the law of the monarchy or of the European Convention of the 4th of October of 1940.””That is our
Following this decision, the King immediately convened a conference of parliamentaries elected by the parliament that was to form the National Assembly. The General Assembly subsequently approved a draft and the draft was ratified by nine of the most important parliamentary and executive organs, the National Assembly was then elected within three weeks from the date of its establishment.