Things Fall Apart, Achebe’s Odyssey
Things Fall Apart, Achebe’s Odyssey
In Chinua Achebes novel, Things Fall Apart, the impact of British Colonialism in Africa is critiqued through the story of an Igbo man, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is an extremely masculine man who has but one fear, the fear of being weak. Throughout the novel, his actions are motivated by this fear which defines him characteristically as on overly masculine man. This over masculinity is Okonkwos flaw and it drives his moods and actions, ultimately leading to his demise. In this respect, Okonkwo plays the role of a tragic hero driven by his flaw which leads to his downfall.
Okonkwo, like the tragic heros of Greek myth, was driven by a personal flaw which motivated his life decisions. He always had to be superior to others because “his life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness” (p. 13). He did not want to be perceived as cowardly and feeble. As a result of this flaw, he hated laziness and apathy and did not want to appear as such a person who possessed these characteristics. In his view, the showing of emotion was even a sign of weakness. He, “never showed any emotion openly, unless it be the emotion of anger” (p. 28). The fear of being perceived as weak was paramount in his life, to the point where he would not allow himself to show emotion. Instead, he did all he could to distinguish himself from his clansmen by portraying himself as a vigorous, brutal man.
His motivation to succeed in his clan was rooted in his anxieties over weakness and failure. His actions were driven by fear. He does not allow himself to show any emotion other than anger. With anger being his only emotional outlet, when he gets mad, he forgets reason and acts irrationally. This was the case when his wife Ojiugo provoked him to anger. She had neglected her children and her responsibility to prepare Okonkwos afternoon meal. This drove Okonkwo into a fury and he beat her even during the Week of Peace when no harm is to be done to others (p. 29). Anger is a masculine emotion and Okonkwo permits these emotional outbursts of rage because masculinity is interchangeable with personal strength. He was displaying his manhood but punishing his wife for her failure. Also, Okonkwo exhibits his strength when it comes time for the death of the boy Ikemefuna. He demands to be part of the event and goes with the party of men selected to kill the young boy. When Ikemefuna realizes what is happening, he runs to Okonkwo and pleads for his life, but Okonkwo “was afraid of being thought weak” (p. 61) and raised his machete and struck down Ikemefuna. This had been a boy who had lived under his roof for the past three years and who called Okonkwo “father”, yet Okonkwo strikes the boy down to protect his masculinity and preserve his status as a strong person within the clan. In his eyes, his two choices were to appear weak and not partake in the death of Ikemefuna, or be strong and participate in the brutal murder. In this case, he lets his fear of failure drive him to commit murder.
Okonkwo continues to allow his paranoia to control his actions after he returns from exile and this leads to his downfall as he commits suicide at the end of the novel.