Synthesis and Chemistry of Alkenes
Essay Preview: Synthesis and Chemistry of Alkenes
Report this essay
Synthesis and Chemistry of Alkenes AbstractTo carry out the dehydration reaction of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and analyze the alkene product by gas chromatography. Later, chemical tests of Bromine, Baeyer and chromic acid on 4-methyl-2-pentanol and the product mixture is done.EquationsProcedure Reference Marrs, P. Chemistry 323 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, Spring 2016, 17-22, B19Dehydration of 4-Methyl-2-pentanolTable1: Reagents used in dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanolCompoundMWUsedMillimolesPhysical and Safety Data4-methyl-2-pentanol C6H4O102.175.001g48.95Hazardous in case of eye contact. Irritant d. 807.50kg/m285%Phosphoric acid H3PO498.005mL72.9Corrosive, wear protective clothing, gloves & eye protection. 85% by weight in H2O.d 1.68 g/mL.The limiting reagent is: 4-methyl-2pentanolTable2: Product formed after the dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanolCompoundMWIsolatedmoles% yield4-methyl-2-pentene C6H12(Alkene Product from the GC table)84.16g/mol2.055g0.024449.89Observations:My isolated product was clear. I did spill my alkene product during the chemical tests but I was able to weigh it properly calculate the % yield. However my sample I turned in will have significantly less than what is reported due to the spill.Sample Calculations:4-methyl-2-pentanol (millimoles) = mass used / molecular weight= (5.001g) / (102.174g/mol)= 0.04895 moles * (1000millimoles/1mole) = 48.95milimoles85% phosphoric acid (millimoles) = (volume x density x percentage) / molecular weight
= (5mL x 1.68 g/mL x 0.85) / (98.0 g/mol)= 0.07285moles * (1000millimoles/1mole) = 72.9millimoles% yield based on limiting reagent:Actual moles of 2-methyl-2-pentene = mass isolated / molecular weight = (2.0551g) / (84.16g/mol)= 0.02442moles *(1000millimoles/1mole) = 24.42 millimolesPercent (%) Yield of 4-methyl-2pentanol= (actual moles) / (expected moles) x 100% = (24.42 millimoles) / (48.95) x 100% = 49.89%Table 3: Results of the Gas Chromatographic AnalysisComponentRetention Time% Composition (assume equal to % area)2-methyl-2-pentene (My own Graph)2.8041.094-methyl-1-pentene (Graph Provided)2.4826.704-methyl-2-pentene (Graph Provided)2.54354.702-methyl-1-pentene (Graph Provided)2.6526.052-methyl-2-pentene (Graph Provided)2.77427.923-methyl-2-pentene (Graph Provided)2.8803.54The GC analysis sheets are attached at the end of the report.Table 4: Functional Group TestsUnknownBromine TestBaeyer TestChromic Acid testIdentityAOrange (-)Purple(-)Yellow (-)TolueneBColourless(+)Brown(+)Yellow(-)StyreneCOrange(-)Purple(-)Green(+)Benzly alcoholDColourless(+)Brown(+)Green(+)Cinnamyl alcohol