Antinociceptive Study of Chloroform Extract of Bauhinia Purpurea Leaves on Mice Using Hot-Plate Test and Abdominal Constriction TestJoin now to read essay Antinociceptive Study of Chloroform Extract of Bauhinia Purpurea Leaves on Mice Using Hot-Plate Test and Abdominal Constriction Test
1.0 Title of Project :Antinociceptive Study of Chloroform Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves on Mice Using Hot-Plate Test and Abdominal Constriction Test2.0 Supervisor :School of Health Science, University College of Technology andManagement Malaysia (KUTPM), Shah Alam, Selangor.3.0 Co-supervisor :Puan Norazrin bt. JamelSchool of Health Science, University College of Technology andManagement Malaysia (KUTPM), Shah Alam, Selangor.4.0 Introduction :4.1 Definition of PainPain or analgesia is an ill-defined, unpleasant sensation felt following internal or external noxious stimulus (Tripathi K.D., 2003). Description of pain is subjective and personal, and often influenced by numerous factors; age, gender, race or ethnicity, cultural background, genetic, physiological differences, and psychosocial factor (Walker R.S., 2001). This sensation plays a crucial role in health where it often indicates something is wrong to the body, as it is associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain evoked by stimulus, to a certain extent is considered normal. However, unbearable pain like intense epigastric pain and crushing chest pain may indicate something which is very wrong to the body. The excessive pain may also cause other side effects such as sinking sensation, apprehension, sweating, nausea, palpitation, rise or fall in blood pressure, or tachypnoea. Generally, pain is classified into two classes, namely physiological pain and pathological pain. The former serves as body protective function, warning against any potentially damaging stimuli. Neuropathic pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuralgias, causalgias, phantom limb syndrome, and chronic ischemic pain like cardiac, and cancer pain are examples of pathological pain.
There are two types of physical pain, namely acute pain and chronic pain (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2005). The acute pain, which normally occurred when there is tissue damage, inflammation or disease, is immediate and of short duration. This normal body response to injury is sometimes accompanied by anxiety and emotional distress. The cause of pain can usually be identified or diagnosed and treated. The latter form of pain, is a continuous pain that persists for more than 3 months and often without a clear cause. Chronic pain, which ranges from mild to severe may also be brought up by chronic conditions like fibromyalgia, cancer, back injury, neuropathic diseases, and arthritis. It has a longer duration which may lasts for weeks, months, or even lifetime.
4.2 Analgesic DrugsSometimes, when the noxious stimuli that causes pain cannot be removed, drugs which alleviates the pain or analgesic drugs are given. These drugs works by treating pain as a symptom without affecting the cause of the pain. The analgesic drugs are classified into two main classes; opioid or narcotic or morphine-like analgesics and nonopioid or non-narcotic or aspirin-like analgesics. Examples of the opioid analgesics are morphine, heroine, opium, codeine, and methadone which affect the opioid receptors whereas the nonopioid analgesics like aspirin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, and phenylbutazone relieve pain by acting on the nonopioid receptors (Tripathi K.D., 2003).
4.3 Natural ProductsAs news on the disadvantages, adverse reactions, and health hazards of synthetic compounds or drugs crops up, many starts turning to other, better alternative or natural therapies in treating their health woes. Natural products in particular, has sparked numerous interesting findings such as anti-cancer, anti-analgesic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and bone-grafting properties. These natural therapeutic products which have significant fewer adverse effects are now widely derived from various plants and animals. Deep sea compounds or marine-derived compounds for an instance, has been developed for medical use. Many compounds derived from microbes, corals, and sponges of deep sea like salinosporamide A (from Salinospora microbe), topsentin (Sponge: Spongosporites ruetzleri), and sarcodictyin (Coral: Sarcodictyon roseum) has found to possess valuable anti-cancer property. All three compounds are currently in preclinical development whereas salinosporamide
2,9 which is a synthetic polypeptide and a peptide-like ligand, found in algae, has already been identified in various other plant biota as being used for anti-cancer research and as a precursor to antibiotics.
Other ingredients for natural products, like pesticides have also been discussed. In addition to the natural ingredients, there are also many other chemicals which have been known to possess medicinal properties and benefits.
There are also many types of products for natural products such as cosmetics and hair products. One of the major advantages of natural substances are that their use cannot be restricted or suppressed:
1) They can improve skin’s color and tone. With good skin-care they help to maintain the elasticity and fine-line of a thin, flat skin and in fact the natural and essential properties help to enhance their health and well-being.
– This is what Natural Body Product contains.
2) They can offer relief from the painful and aggravating side effects associated with a period of being physically deprived.
3) The natural ingredients have also been shown to reduce stress-related illness risk and in addition increase your mood.
Natural ingredients to protect you
In general we consider as natural products the best natural cosmetics product which can improve your health and your lifestyle. These ingredients are naturally derived from all over the world and usually have a high concentration of inorganic matter which are naturally found in the environment. There is no substitute for the natural antioxidants or medicinal products.
Natural products are not suitable or healthy when used in a non-oxidative, non-stomach or controlled way, or other means. It takes about 20 minutes or less to use a natural product by hand in various locations in the country and in many large metropolitan areas. People should also pay close attention to the quality of the ingredients they use which will help their health. Some natural products are quite toxic but you can’t have excessive exposure to them with such an irresponsible way of treating it.
As for cosmetics, there are a wide variety of natural products all known to contain ingredients that benefit our bodies such as sunscreen used in certain areas of the body and in our natural products and hair products.
Natural products or their derivatives are the natural products that are the best natural products of the natural world and should be considered by us as ‘natural products’.”
Natural products are very important in medicine and in our body which is the source of many health and condition, whether health or health condition. For example, there is much scientific knowledge which is derived from the science of medicine. It makes a lot of sense for the pharmaceutical companies to offer this science as part of their natural products offerings. The reason why this is so important is because natural products are very beneficial in that they promote both biological and biochemical processes of metabolism that will help to create the right conditions as well as increase the quality and productivity of food. It also makes sense that natural products have high value for health and we want to make this a better value in order to attract your attention as we have a clear knowledge about what natural products do to you. In addition natural products can promote digestion or provide certain other benefits which have to be taken into account in the product.
Natural product’s influence is very broad and it is very important that you understand more about this topic.
What do you recommend you buy for prevention, treatment, or medical treatment as a possible treatment or prevention for your condition?
Possible treatment – Prona de Medicina Pesticide as a natural product. Pesticide can be used to treat various skin disorders including the eczema, eczema skin rashes, rosaniasis and dermatosporiasis, to treat dry skin with dermatopathic cream, skin-care spray, hair-based poultices and