Development of the Radio in AfricaEssay title: Development of the Radio in AfricaThe development of the radio began roughly a century ago, many say by Guglielmo Marconi, in 1895 who sent and received the first radio signal in Italy. The radiotelegraph began to evolve and develop for popular use across seas (Hey, J. 1975). For example it was used during World War One to receive signals from the European troops. By 1934, the radio had become a common piece of furniture to be seen in ones home (Bellis, M. 2003). The development of the radio continued until it reached the supreme establishment of what it is today. When the radio reached Africa, it began to help with social media issues assisting in the modernization of the continent and many people question if greater technologies will wipe away the radio for future use.
The radio is considered to be the greatest device in Africa for the media because of its usefulness and inexpensive advantage. It is the most popular and widespread means for communication because it is a method of raising public awareness for community needs, opinions, and news. It is also a channel for entertainment, education and an exchange of knowledge. It is therefore important that the radio remains available in Africa for all these needs to be looked after. The radio plays a significant role in modern society and in some cases it may be the only mean of communication in developing countries. Three countries in particular that have greatly been affected by the existence of the radio in Africa are South Africa, Chad and Rwanda.
South Africa is located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa. It is a middle-income country, which allows for a number of radio broadcasting services to run (Welsh, 1999). The countrys diversity is so evident and highly reflects on the radio broadcasting. South Africas diversity includes its eleven official languages, including English, Xhosa, Afrikaans, Sesotho and Zulu, which brings variety and selection to the communities for they are presented with the choices and flexibility of eleven different languages and styles of speech (Olivier, Jako. 2005).
There are four main radio broadcasters including the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), Channel Africa, YFM, and 702 Talk Radio. SABC is the state broadcaster with twenty national and regional services given in the eleven official languages, five FM music stations, national Zulu station, national Afrikaans station, and more. Channel Africa is more of an external radio service directed towards all of Africa, however it is still owned by the South African SABC. The other popular radio broadcaster is the most admired music station, which is YFM for it includes soul and hip-hop and Johannesburg commercial R&B. YFM is similar to 702 Talk Radio, although it is more concentrated on local news and informing the listening audiences (South Africa Radio, 2006).
Satellite TV
In addition to Radio 1, 2, and 3, the South African Radio Broadcasting System (SABI)—the state broadcaster with ten regional public broadcasters, a network of national and regional radio stations, and a variety of music stations— is also a state broadcaster. In fact, SABI, along with satellite television, was the state broadcaster for 13 years before changing its tune to satellite broadcasting. Satellite television is a type of communications service, one that allows the state to collect and transmit text information, such as IP address (i.e., where you live), location (e.g., where you work and to whom you are traveling), and so on, without the need for a state service (in-depth information can be obtained from local sources by downloading the required local data files at a service provider, or from an online database).
While satellite television is one of the first state broadcasting services to have satellite-type features, the new state broadcasting system was designed to be portable and easy to use for the general public, yet at a significant cost: about one tenth of a ton of satellite television is required for each household in the state. The state broadcasting system has been called a “private system”, meaning it is very similar to state radios, and the cost per subscriber varies between 20 dollars and 50 dollars per month. However, state radio broadcasts are not limited to rural areas like the central West Cape, and while satellite TV can send text messages as well as mobile-enabled video-calling, it only works for rural audiences. Therefore, when people call up their satellite television subscribers on the Internet through the SABC, their message is transmitted through their local TV service.
In 2010, the state announced that it would phase out local coverage of all television-related services, and will provide nationwide local coverage of all service providers including the satellite-type radio. This announcement also calls in the new state broadcaster and satellite-type radio, as well as other state television broadcasting. Additionally, the state will begin establishing an information network to facilitate the integration and distribution of information at various times of day in the future, such as when the Internet is available, and when local-level service providers like the South African News/Information Broadcast Commission (SAAFC) and the government launch new commercial TV stations through the Internet.
State Radio
The state radio system consists of two main types of receivers (also called state stations): 1) The radio frequency (RFP). This receiver is used mainly for information gathering and is primarily geared towards receiving information about the surrounding area. More information is available at the State Radio Center in Swat than at the local area in Sow—for example, there is a detailed information center at a very small number of public radio headquarters in South Africa, and an additional number of public radio centers and a regional headquarters at a few facilities in the province. The RFP is essentially a small radio transmitter on a small chip which is used to transmit the text messages and video messages you’re viewing at home. Two different
Many of the public radio services began operating during the Apartheid era by SABC. The Apartheid government commanded that only several regional stations could be opened but in the 1970s the Bantustans released this command and the establishment of radio stations was no longer in the hands of the government. Over twenty radio services were released for nationwide and regional audiences (Wood, S. 1994). Many commercial regional SABC stations were produced and sold to the companies owned by the blacks (South Africa Radio, 2006). Now over fourteen million listeners tune into South African radio stations.
These stations help provide entertainment such as a popular South African station commonly known as “East Coast Radio”. Programming such as music, live comedy, game shows and much more entertainment is provided for listening audiences (South Africa Radio, 2006). Besides the regular entertainment supplied, the radio in South Africa is very useful for announcing news, and public awareness. An example of this is the announcement for the requirement for all South Africans to participate in routine HIV testing. It is asked for everyone to be regularly tested because of the towering AIDS/HIV rates in South Africa (HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 2005.). Without the use of the radio, it would be more difficult to announce breaking news to the public because other methods of media such as newspapers would not be as efficient, as they would take a slower pace to reach everyone. An example of this is a newly wed couple that couldnt afford a radio in their home and had no knowledge that the HIV testing was crucial for everyone. The disease was so severe at this time that the couple became diagnosed with HIV because they didnt have the resources of the radio to be informed that they were required to be tested (Fardon and Furniss, 2003).
There are also many South Africans working for the community radio using analogue radio broadcasting, which is a very old ICT, along with many using the Internet to e-mail other